Top AWS DMS Interview Questions and Answers

AWS DMS supports data migration between more than 20 different database and analytics engines, including migrations from and to Oracle to Amazon Redshift, MySQL to Amazon Relational Database Service (RDS), Microsoft SQL Server to Amazon Aurora PostgreSQL, MongoDB to Amazon DocumentDB, and AWS Simple Storage Service (S3).

AWS DMS supports both homogenous migrations, such as Oracle to Oracle, and heterogeneous migrations between multiple database engines, such as Microsoft SQL Server to Amazon Aurora, and helps databases move to AWS rapidly, securely, and with the least amount of downtime possible.

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Ques. 1): What is AWS Database Migration Service, and how do I use it?

Answer:

With Amazon Database Migration Service, getting started is quick and easy. It takes less than ten minutes to set up the majority of data replication activities. Enter the Start Migration wizard by going to the Amazon Database Migration Service section of the AWS Management Console. Choose an existing replication instance or start a new one, choose your source and target endpoints, accept the built-in schema mapping rules, or define your own modifications. As soon as you finish the wizard, data replication will begin.

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Ques. 2): Does the Amazon Database Migration Service support any specific sources or targets?

Answer:

Many homogeneous and heterogeneous data replications are supported by AWS Database Migration Service (DMS).

Both the source and the target databases (or just one of them) must be located on EC2 or RDS. On-premises to on-premises database replication is not supported.

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Ques. 3): Do these steps differ while replicating data continuously?

Answer:

The production environment switchover, which does not occur in continuous data replication, is the only distinction. Until you modify it or stop it, your data replication task will continue to function.

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Ques. 4): Can I replicate data from sources that are encrypted?

Answer:

Amazon Database Migration Service can read from and write to encrypted databases, hence the answer is yes. Your database endpoints are connected to by AWS Database Migration Service via the SQL interface layer. AWS Database Migration Service may retrieve encrypted data from these sources and copy it to the target if you use the Transparent Data Encryption features of Oracle or SQL Server. Storage-level encryption is the same. Amazon Database Migration Service will be able to connect to the database source and propagate data (in unencrypted form) to the target as long as it has the proper login credentials. To keep your information confidential, we advise employing encryption-at-rest on the target. If you use application-level encryption, the data will be transmitted through AWS Database Migration Service as is, in encrypted format, and then inserted into the target database.

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Ques. 5): When should I choose Amazon Application Discovery Service and Migration Evaluator over AWS DMS Fleet Advisor?

Answer:

Those wishing to move a sizable number of database and analytics servers to Amazon should use AWS DMS Fleet Advisor. Use Amazon DMS Fleet Advisor to find and assess your online transaction processing (OLTP) and online analytical processing (OLAP) database workloads so that you can move them to target services in AWS when you're ready. By figuring out how difficult it will be to migrate your source databases to the target services on AWS, Fleet Advisor enables you to create a tailored migration plan.

Broad-based computing and associated block storage discovery is the focus of the Amazon Application Discovery Service (ADS) and Migration Evaluator. Customers beginning their migration process who are searching for a data-driven business case for AWS use the Migration Evaluator. ADS is used to feed the Amazon Migration Hub to view server to server dependencies, establish application groups, and track migration progress.

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Ques. 6): Will the AWS Database Migration Service assist me in converting my Oracle PL/SQL and SQL Server T-SQL code to stored procedures in Amazon Aurora, MySQL, or PostgreSQL?

Answer:

Yes, the free AWS Schema Conversion Tool (SCT), which automates the conversion of Oracle PL/SQL and SQL Server T-SQL code to equivalent code in the Amazon Aurora / MySQL dialect of SQL or the equivalent PL/pgSQL language in PostgreSQL, is a component of the AWS Database Migration Service. When a piece of code can't be translated automatically into the intended language, SCT will make sure to note every place that needs the application developer to enter manual input.

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Ques. 7): Why should I choose the Amazon Database Migration Service over my own independently managed replication system?

Answer:

Using Amazon Database Migration Service couldn't be simpler. Unlike self-managed replication systems that need to be installed and configured, replication jobs can be set up in minutes as opposed to hours or days. AWS Database Migration Service keeps an eye out for replication jobs, network outages, and host failures and automatically sets up a new server in the event that a failure cannot be fixed. Customers of AWS Database Migration Service don't have to overprovision capacity and invest in expensive hardware and replication software, as they generally have to do with self-managed solutions. Users of the Amazon Database Migration Service can scale their replication infrastructure up or down depending on the load and benefit from on-demand pricing. Amazon Database Migration Service data replication interacts directly with the AWS Schema Conversion Tool, facilitating heterogeneous database migration tasks.

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Ques. 8): Can I keep track of a database migration task's progress?

Answer:

Yes. Many metrics for Amazon Database Migration Service are visible in the AWS Management Console. It gives an end-to-end view of the data replication process, including diagnostic and performance statistics for each stage in the replication pipeline. Other Amazon services like CloudTrail and CloudWatch Logs are integrated with the AWS Database Migration Service as well. Clients can combine their existing tools or create specialised monitoring tools to meet their unique needs by utilising the Amazon Database Migration Service API and AWS Command Line Interface (AWS CLI).

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Ques. 9): When should I use Amazon DMS Fleet Advisor in conjunction with AWS Application Discovery Service and Migration Evaluator?

Answer:

You can get an early understanding of the inventory portfolio of your whole on-premises data centre with the aid of Migration Evaluator and AWS Application Discovery Service. Use Amazon DMS Fleet Advisor to design a database migration plan to AWS when you're prepared to conduct a more thorough study of your database and analytics workloads to identify the migration routes in AWS.

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Ques. 10): Can I use AWS Database Migration Service for ongoing data replication in addition to one-time data migration?

Answer:

Yes, you may utilise the AWS Database Migration Service for ongoing data replication as well as one-time data migration into RDS and EC2-based databases. Changes made to the source database will be captured by the AWS Database Migration Service and applied to the destination database in a transactionally consistent manner. Continuous replication is possible from your data centre to the AWS databases as well as in the opposite direction, replicating from a database in AWS to a database in your datacenter. Both homogeneous and heterogeneous databases may perform continuous ongoing replication. Using Multi-AZ for high availability would be better for continuous replication.

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Ques. 11): Can you give me a summary of the Amazon Database Migration Service's database migration procedures?

Answer:

Creating a target database, migrating the database schema, setting up the data replication process, starting the full load and a subsequent change data capture and apply, and concluding with a switchover of your production environment to the new database once the target database has caught up with the source database are all steps in a typical simple database migration.

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Ques. 12): Will the database schema be moved for me using Amazon Database Migration Service?

Answer:

You can rely on the Basic Schema Copy capability of AWS Database Migration Service to easily migrate a database schema to your target instance. If the target instance does not already have tables with the identical names, Basic Schema Copy will automatically generate tables and primary keys. When performing a test migration or a heterogeneous database migration, Basic Schema Copy is excellent (e.g., Oracle to MySQL or SQL Server to Oracle). Foreign keys, stored procedures, and secondary indexes cannot be migrated using Basic Schema Copy. You can use the AWS Schema Conversion Tool for both homogeneous and heterogeneous migrations when you need a more customizable schema migration process (for example, when you are moving your production database and need to move your stored procedures and secondary database objects), or use the native schema export tools of the source engine if you are doing homogeneous migrations, such as (1) SQL Server Management Studio's Import and Export Wizard, (2) Oracle's SQL Developer.

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Ques. 13): How are AWS Schema Conversion Tool (SCT) and AWS Database Migration Service (DMS) related?

Answer:

Together, DMS and SCT provide continuing replication for various purposes, including filling datamarts and synchronising systems, as well as database migration. Database schemas for homogeneous migrations can be copied and converted for heterogeneous migrations using SCT. The schemas may differ between data warehouses, such as Netezza and Amazon Redshift, or different databases, such as Oracle and PostgreSQL.

Depending on the amount of data and/or supported engines, either DMS or SCT are used to transport the data after a schema has been established on an empty target. While SCT is typically used to convert big data warehouse workloads, DMS is typically utilised to transfer smaller relational workloads (10 TB) and MongoDB. DMS supports ongoing replication to keep the target in sync with the source; SCT does not.

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Ques. 14): What additional applications can I combine with AWS Database Migration Service?

Answer:

AWS Database Migration Service offers a provisioning API that enables you to script the generation of replication tasks at predetermined periods throughout the day or to create them straight from your development environment. Developers and database administrators can automate replication task creation, restart, administration, and termination using the service API and CLI.

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Ques. 15): What sources and targets can be converted using the Amazon Schema Conversion Tool?

Answer:

These database and data warehouse conversions are supported by the Amazon Schema Conversion Tool (SCT), which is listed here. Be aware that SCT can be applied to:

Transfer a database schema from one place to another
a database or data warehouse schema conversion
Evaluate a database to ascertain the difficulty of the conversion
Examine a database to find out if there are any limitations to using Amazon RDS.
Determine whether a licence downgrade is achievable by analysing a database.
a program's embedded SQL code converted
Transfer data from a data warehouse to Amazon Redshift

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Top 20 AWS CodeDeploy Interview Questions and Answers

Software deployments to multiple compute services, including Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2), Amazon Elastic Container Service (ECS), AWS Lambda, and your on-premises servers, are automated via the completely managed deployment solution AWS CodeDeploy. By automating software deployments with CodeDeploy, human, prone to error processes are no longer necessary.

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Ques. 1): With AWS CodeDeploy, what kinds of apps may be deployed?

Answer:

Any kind of programme can be deployed with AWS CodeDeploy. The files to copy and the scripts to run on each instance during the deployment are specified when using AWS CodeDeploy. Because AWS CodeDeploy supports any custom deployment logic, regardless of the programming language or architecture used, scripts can be used.

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Ques. 2): What platforms is AWS CodeDeploy compatible with?

Answer:

Numerous different operating systems are supported by AWS CodeDeploy. Agents are available from AWS CodeDeploy that have been tried out on Red Hat Enterprise Linux, Amazon Linux, Ubuntu Server, and Microsoft Windows Server. The AWS CodeDeploy agent is free source software, so you can use it with other operating systems.

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Ques. 3): What exactly is AWS CodeDeploy?

Answer:

AWS CodeDeploy is a service that automates the deployment of code to any instance, including instances hosted on-premises and in Amazon EC2. You can deliver new features more quickly, avoid downtime during deployment, and handle the complexity of updating your apps with AWS CodeDeploy. By automating deployments, AWS CodeDeploy eliminates the need for labor-intensive manual processes. The service scales with your infrastructure, allowing you to quickly deploy to one instance or thousands.

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Ques. 4): What distinguishes Amazon CodeDeploy from other AWS management and deployment tools like AWS Elastic Beanstalk and AWS OpsWorks?

Answer:

AWS CodeDeploy is a building block tool designed to assist developers in deploying and updating software on any instance, including instances running on-premises and through Amazon EC2. End-to-end application management solutions are provided by AWS Elastic Beanstalk and AWS OpsWorks.

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Ques. 5): What is a deployment group?

Answer:

The AWS CodeDeploy entity for grouping EC2 instances or AWS Lambda functions in a CodeDeploy deployment is called a deployment group. You target a set of instances connected to an application while using EC2 for deployments. By naming an Auto Scaling group, a tag, or both, you can add instances to a deployment group. In an Amazon Lambda deployment, a deployment group specifies a set of AWS CodeDeploy configurations, such as alarms and rollbacks, for upcoming serverless Lambda deployment to the group.

An application can have numerous deployment groups, such as staging and production. See Dealing with Amazon EC2 Tags in the Console for more details on tags.

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Ques. 6): What are the typical processes involved in utilising AWS CodeDeploy to launch an application?

Answer:

The common steps taken during a deployment are depicted in the diagram below. The first setup step for each application is often creating an application and a deployment group (for definitions of these words, see the Concepts section). Uploading a revision and deploying it are repeatable tasks.

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Ques. 7): How can I use AWS CodeDeploy to deploy an application from my source control system?

Answer:

If you use GitHub, you can publish a revision from your repository straight to instances in.zip,.tar, or.tar.gz format. When deploying code from other source control systems, you can provide the Amazon S3 location and bundle the revision and upload it to an Amazon S3 bucket in a.tar.gz,.zip, or.tar.xz format. Make sure the post-build artefacts are present in the GitHub repository or the Amazon S3 bucket if your application requires a build phase.

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Ques. 8): How does Auto Scaling integrate with AWS CodeDeploy?

Answer:

To guarantee that freshly started instances always receive the most recent version of your application, you can join an Auto Scaling group with a deployment group. Each time an Amazon EC2 instance for that Auto Scaling group is launched, it is first placed in a Pending state before the deployment of the most recent successful revision for that deployment group is triggered on that Amazon EC2 instance. The Amazon EC2 instance's state is updated to InService if the deployment is successful. A new Amazon EC2 instance is launched in the Pending state and a deployment is initiated for the newly launched EC2 instance if the deployment fails.

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Ques. 9): Can I manage access to AWS CodeDeploy using AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM)?

Answer:

Yes. Resource-level permissions are supported by AWS CodeDeploy. You can select which user has access and to what actions for each AWS CodeDeploy resource. For instance, you can configure an IAM policy to only allow users to list revisions for other apps while allowing users to install a specific application. Hence, you may stop users from unintentionally changing the incorrect programme.

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Ques. 10): How are AWS CodeDeploy applications distributed across many regions?

Answer:

When performing deployments, AWS CodeDeploy uses AWS resources in the same area. Create the application in each of your target locations, copy the application bundle to an Amazon S3 bucket there, and then begin the deployments using either a serial or parallel rollout across the regions to spread the deployments out.

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Ques. 11): Can my current tool chain work with AWS CodeDeploy?

Answer:

Yes. Many configuration management, continuous integration, and deployment, as well as source control solutions are compatible with AWS CodeDeploy.

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Ques. 12): How do revisions work?

Answer:

A revision is a particular version of deployable material, which includes an AppSpec file, source code, post-build artefacts, web pages, executable files, and deployment scripts. A revision can be accessed via the AWS CodeDeploy Agent from GitHub or an Amazon S3 bucket.

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Ques. 13): What is a deployment configuration?

Answer:

A deployment configuration outlines the actions that should be taken during deployment, including how to deal with failure, through the use of a deployment group. To deploy with zero downtime to multi-instance deployment groups, you can utilise a deployment configuration. You can define this in your deployment configuration, for instance, if your application requires at least 50% of the instances in a deployment group to be active and handling traffic, preventing downtime from a deployment. Amazon CodeDeploy will deploy to one instance at a time by default if no deployment setting is linked to either the deployment or the deployment group.

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Ques. 14): How will my configuration management tool and AWS CodeDeploy interact?

Answer:

Your configuration management tool can be launched from any AppSpec file deployment lifecycle event hook. For instance, you can define a Chef recipe that you wish to execute as part of a deployment in the relevant AppSpec file deployment lifecycle event hook. The AWS CodeDeploy agent can also be installed on instances using your configuration management tool. for examples that demonstrate integrating configuration management tools like Chef, Puppet, Ansible, and Saltstack with AWS CodeDeploy.

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Ques. 15): How can I keep track of a deployment's progress?

Answer:

The Amazon Management Console, AWS Command Line Interface (AWS CLI), AWS SDKs, and AWS CodeDeploy APIs can all be used to monitor the progress of a deployment.

You may view the general deployment status and then drill down to view the status of every instance and every deployment lifecycle event for the instance. Also, you can examine the log entries associated with every failure, which makes it simple to troubleshoot deployment difficulties without logging into the instance.

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Ques. 16): How can I get notified or alerted when something happens in AWS CodeDeploy?

Answer:

Events that affect your deployments can have notifications created for them. Amazon SNS notifications will be used for notifications. Each notification will have a link to the resources whose event caused it, along with a status message. There is no additional price for notifications, but you can be charged for other AWS services that notifications uses, including Amazon SNS. Consult the alerts user guide to understand how to get started. Customers can also set up notifications to go to their Slack channels or Amazon Chime chat rooms when utilising the AWS Chatbot.

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Ques. 17): An application is what?

Answer:

A group of instances can be served by deploying an application, which is a bundle of software and configuration. The instances in the group often use the same programme. For instance, if you have a sizable distributed system, it's likely that the web layer will be one application and the data tier will be another.

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Ques. 18): What is an AppSpec file?

Answer:

An AppSpec file is a configuration file that details the scripts to run and the files to copy. You place the YAML-formatted AppSpec file in the root directory of your revision. The AppSpec file has two sections and is used by the Amazon CodeDeploy Agent. The source files in your revision that will be copied as well as the final destination folder are specified in the files section for each instance. The location of the scripts to run during each stage of the deployment is specified in the hooks section as relative paths beginning at the revision bundle's root. A deployment lifecycle event is the name given to each stage of a deployment.

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Ques. 19): What modifications must I make to my code before using AWS CodeDeploy?

Answer:

Your code doesn't require any modifications. You only include a configuration file (known as an AppSpec file) in the revision bundle's root directory that lists the files to copy and the scripts to run.

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Ques. 20): How can I restore a previously revised application?

Answer:

You only need to deploy the prior revision in order to roll back an application to it. There is no distinction between redeploy and roll back because AWS CodeDeploy keeps track of the files that were copied for the current version and deletes them before beginning a new deployment. You must, however, confirm that it is possible to roll back the prior updates.

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