April 16, 2022

Top 20 AWS Simple Storage Service (S3) Interview Questions and Answers

  

Ques. 1): What is Amazon S3?

Answer:

Amazon S3 is a storage service that offers the best scalability in the industry. We can utilise S3 to store and retrieve a specific quantity at any time and from any location on the internet.

We can store a limitless quantity of data and objects, with items ranging in size from 0 bytes to 5 terabytes. We can carry out duties related to the AWS administration console, which is a simple and automated web interface. Amazon S3 is a web-based service that is meant for online backup and preservation of data and application programmes. It is scalable, high-speed, and low-cost.

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Ques. 2): When it comes to storage, what's the difference between object and block storage?

Answer:

Data on a raw physical storage device is separated into individual blocks and managed by a file system with block-level storage. The file system is in charge of allocating space for files and data kept on the underlying device, as well as giving access anytime the operating system needs to read data.

A flat surface for data storage is provided by an object storage system like S3. This straightforward approach eliminates some of block storage's OS-related difficulties and allows anyone to access any amount of storage capacity with ease.

When you upload files to S3, you can include up to 2 KB of metadata. The metadata is made up of keys that establish system details like data permissions and the appearance of a file system location within nested buckets.

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Ques. 3): What is Amazon Web Services (AWS) Backup?

Answer:

  • We can store backups on the AWS Cloud using the AWS Backup service.
  • It merely serves as a conduit or proxy for storing backups in the cloud.
  • AWS Backup can backup a variety of AWS products, including EBS volumes (used by EC2 instances or virtual machines).
  • RDS databases, DynamoDB, and even Amazon Elastic File System, or EFS, may all be backed up.
  • To do so, you'll need to construct a backup plan that includes scheduling, retention, and the ability to tag the recovery points that are saved as backups.
  • AWS Backup has a scheduling feature that is related to the recovery point goal. The RPO, or recovery point objective, is a disaster recovery phrase that expresses the greatest amount of data loss that may be tolerated in terms of time. Within the backup plan, we have backup retention rules and lifecycle rules for changing the storage class of items that are backed up.
  • To store the recovery points, we'll need a backup vault.
  • We can either pick objects based on their AWS resource ID or specify AWS Resources to be assigned to backup plans.
  • Using the consolidated AWS backup console, we can keep track of backup operations.
  • We can also perform backups on demand. We don't have to wait for the schedule, and we can restore data from backups taken before.

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Ques. 4): What is S3 Versioning?

Answer:

Versioning is a feature that S3 buckets support. Versioning is turned on for the bucket as a whole. Versioning allows you to track the numerous changes made to a file over time. When versioning is enabled, each file receives a unique Version ID each time it is uploaded. Consider the following scenario: a bucket contains a file, and a user uploads a fresh updated copy of the same file to the bucket; both files have their own Version ID and timestamps from when they were uploaded. So, if one has to go back in time to an earlier version of a file, versioning makes it simple. Please keep in mind that versioning can be costly in a variety of situations.

Also, while S3's versioning may appear to be similar to Version Control System (VCS), it is not. Please utilise Git, SVN, or any similar software if your developers require a VCS solution.

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Ques. 5): What is resource-based bucket policy, and how does it work?

Answer:

•        We may use a conditional statement to verify that complete control permissions are granted to a specific account defined by an ID, and we can use a resource-based bucket policy to allow another AWS account to upload objects to another bucket.

•        We can't use a resource-based ACL with IAM policy since conditional statements aren't supported in this configuration.

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Ques. 6): What are the prerequisites for using AWS SDK S3 with a Spring Boot app?

Answer:

We'll need a few things to use the AWS SDK:

1.      AWS Account: We'll need an account with Amazon Web Services. If you don't already have one, go ahead and create one.

2.      AWS Security Credentials: These are the access keys that enable us to call AWS API actions programmatically. We can obtain these credentials in one of two ways: using AWS root account credentials from the Security Credentials page's access keys section, or using IAM user credentials from the IAM console. Refer How to generate access key and secret key to access Amazon S3

3.      AWS Region to store S3 object: We must choose an AWS region (or regions) to store our Amazon S3 data. Remember that the cost of S3 storage varies by region. Visit the official documents for more information.

4.      AWS S3 Bucket: We will need S3 Bucket to store the objects/files.

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Ques. 7): What Scripting Options Are Available When Mounting a File System to Amazon S3?

Answer:

There are a number different ways to set up Amazon S3 as a local drive on Linux-based systems, including installations with Amazon S3 mounted EC2.

1. S3FS-FUSE: This is a basic utility and a free, open-source FUSE plugin that supports major Linux and MacOS systems. S3FS is also in charge of caching files locally in order to improve performance. The Amazon S3 bucket will appear as a disc on your PC thanks to this plugin.

2. ObjectiveFS: The Amazon S3 and Google Cloud Storage backends are supported by ObjectiveFS, a commercial FUSE plugin. It claims to provide a full POSIX-compliant file system interface, avoiding the need for appends to rewrite entire files. It also has the same level of efficiency as a local drive.

3. RioFS: RioFS is a little tool created in the C programming language. RioFS is similar to S3FS, but it has a few limitations: it does not allow adding to files, it does not fully support POSIX-compliant file system interfaces, and it cannot rename files.

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Ques. 8): What is Amazon S3 Replication, and how does it work?

Answer:

AWS S3 Replication facilitates asynchronous object copying between AWS S3 buckets.

It is an elastic, low-cost, and fully managed feature that aids in duplicating items in buckets, as well as providing flexibility and functionality in cloud storage while providing us with the controls we require to meet our data sovereignty and other business demands.

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Ques. 9): What Are The AWS S3 Storage Classes?

Answer:

Some of the storage classes offered in S3 are as follows:

  • S3 Storage Class (Standard): The S3 standard class is used as a default storage class if no other storage classes are provided during the upload.
  • S3 (Standard Storage Class for Infrequent Access): S3 (Standard Storage Class for Infrequent We can utilise the standard storage class for infrequent access when we need to access data less frequently but quickly and without delay.
  • S3 Storage Class with Reduced Redundancy: In the case of lesser degrees of redundancy, this storage class performs better in replicating data. For this purpose, it's a great alternative to S3 standard storage.
  • S3 Glacier Storage Class: S3 glacier storage is designed for low-cost data archiving and backup.

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Ques. 10): What is CloudFront in Amazon S3?

Answer:

CloudFront is a Content Distribution Network that pulls data from an Amazon S3 bucket and distributes it across many datacenters.

It also sends data through a network of edge sites, which are routed when a user requests data, resulting in minimal latency and low network traffic, as well as quick access to data.

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Ques. 11): Using the GUI, how will you upload files to S3?

Answer:

•        S3 buckets are cloud storage solutions in AWS.

•        Go to the S3 Management Console and log in. It includes a bucket list.

•        If the bucket is empty, we can use a storage device to arrange files.

•        Make a folder system. There is a four-column table on the screen. Name, Last modified, Size, and Storage class are the column headers.

•        For encryption, use the bucket settings, leave the defaults, and click Save.

•        As a result, we established a folder in our S3 bucket.

•        Within the Overview tab, we may create a subordinate folder.

•        Using the Upload dialogue and Select files, we can upload files.

•        We can upload files by dragging and dropping them from other parts of our screen to this spot, or we can select Add files, which I will do.

•        When you've chosen some files, you'll see the total number of files and their sizes at the top, which might help you estimate how long it will take to upload them depending on your Internet connection speed.

•        We can see the Target path, which is where it will be uploaded to our bucket's Projects folder.

•        We may just click Add more files if we forgot to add files.

•        If we don't want to upload something, we can click the x to remove it.

•        If both Read and Write permissions are granted. Other AWS accounts with rights to these uploaded objects can be added.

•        We can modify the encryption by selecting a file and going to the Actions menu and selecting Change encryption.

 

Ques. 12): Can you explain the S3 Block Public Access feature?

Answer:

•     New buckets, access points, and objects do not allow public access by default. To provide public access, users can change bucket policies, access point policies, or object permissions.

•     We get a list of buckets in the S3 Management Console.

•     For instance, select an existing bucket.

•     Go to the Permissions tab.

•     Overview, Properties, Permissions, and Management are the four tabs on the page. The Overview tab is now active. We have a number of alternatives when we click to the Permissions tab. Block public access, Access Control List, Bucket Policy, and CORS configuration are the four choices available.

•     Select Block public access from the drop-down menu. Select Access Control List from the drop-down menu. Select the Bucket Policy option from the drop-down menu. Block all public access by clicking Edit. That option will be saved.

•     We can restrict public access to buckets and objects granted by any access control list, as well as buckets and objects granted by new public bucket policies.

 

 

Ques. 13): What is S3 Bucket Encryption, and how does it work?

Answer:

•        Encryption ensures data security, and you may set default encryption on an S3 bucket, ensuring that all things uploaded to S3 are encrypted.

•        We may also choose individual items within a bucket to see if they are encrypted separately.

•        Open the bucket settings in the S3 Management Console by clicking on it.

•        The corresponding page opens when you click the bucket.

•        Overview, Properties, Permissions, and Management are the four tabs on the page.

•        The Overview tab is now active. It has the following options: Upload, Create folder, Download, and Actions.

•        Select the Properties tab from the drop-down menu.

•        Encryption is disabled by default.

•        Select that panel by clicking on it. It is currently set to None.

•        With Amazon Managed keys, we may use AES-256, Advanced Encryption Standard 256 bits server-side encryption. I can also utilise Key Management Service, or AWS-KMS managed keys, which allows me to select the encryption keys.

 

Ques. 14): What is S3 Lifecycle Management, and how are you going to construct a Rule?

Answer:

•        An S3 Lifecycle configuration is a set of rules that specify how Amazon S3 handles a collection of objects.

•        We may determine about S3 items over time using lifecycle management settings. For example, 30 days after generating an item, you might choose to transition it to the S3 Standard-IA storage class, or one year later, archive it to the S3 Glacier storage class.

•        Make a Rule:

•        When we open the S3 Management Console, we can see that S3 is divided into three portions. The toolbar is the first part. The navigation pane is the second part. In the navigation pane, the Buckets option is selected. A content pane is the third component.

•        Any S3 bucket pane can be opened. Overview, Properties, Permissions, and Management are among the tabs.

•        For the bucket's contents, we can actually establish lifecycle management settings. When a user selects the Management tab, Lifecycle appears as an option. If a user clicks on the bucket, for example, the associated page opens. He chooses the Management option. Lifecycle, Replication, Analytics, Metrics, and Inventory are among the tabs.

•        Navigate to the Lifecycle tab. It has the Add lifecycle rule, Edit, Delete, and Actions buttons. The user selects Add lifecycle rule from the drop-down menu. The dialogue box for the Lifecycle rule appears. A page named "Name and Scope" is now available.

•        Add a lifecycle Rule1.

•        Within an S3 bucket, users can activate versioning. We can choose whether this lifecycle rule applies to the current or earlier version of files or objects. Select the most recent option. Then select Add Transition from the drop-down menu.

•        There is a drop-down list box labelled Object creation, as well as a text box labelled Days after creation.

•        The Transition to Standard-IA after, Transition to Intelligent-Tiering after, Transition to One Zone-IA after, and Transition to Glacier after options are available in the Object creation drop-down list box.

•        Select Glacier if the user requires things to be archived. They are not to be removed or deleted, according to the user. So, we may say that the object was generated after one year, 365 days, and it was automatically archived to Glacier.

•        Now, Glacier is a cheaper storage mechanism over the long term.

•        Click on next and save finally to create Rule 1.

  

Ques. 15): How Do I Control Who Has Access To An S3 Bucket?

Answer:

Some of the most frequent methods for controlling access to an S3 bucket are as follows:

Access Points for S3: Each application has its own set of S3 access points, which we may utilise to manage S3 dataset access.

S3 Bucket Policies: We can set up access policies to control who has access to S3 resources. Permissions that only apply to objects within a bucket can also be configured at the bucket level.

Access Control List (ACL): We can use ACL to manage access to S3 resources and objects within a bucket.

IAM: To govern access to S3 resources, we can utilise AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) Groups, Roles, and Users.

 

Ques. 16): What is an object URL, and how does one create one?

Answer:

 In AWS parlance, any file uploaded to S3 is referred to as a 'object.' A unique url is assigned to each object stored in an S3 bucket. This url is simply the object's address, and it can be used to access the object over the internet if it is public. The object url is made up of 'https://' and the bucket name, followed by's3-' region API name, '.amazonaws.com/', the file name with extension, and finally '?versionId=' the Version ID. As an example, consider the following.

https://bucket1.s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/test1.txt?versionId=BdfDasp.WSEVgRTg46DF_7MnbVcxZ_4AfB

Please note, if this bucket would had been in Virginia region, the url wont consist the region API name in it and would appear as follows:

https://bucket1.s3.amazonaws.com/test.txt?versionId=BdfDasp.WSEVgRTg46DF_7MnbVcxZ_4AfB

 

Ques. 17): What Is AWS S3's Object Lock Feature?

Answer:

AWS S3's object lock functionality allows users to save data in WORM (write-once, read-many) format.

For a limited time or indefinitely, the user can prevent the data from being erased or rewritten in this way. Organizations use the AWS S3 object lock capability to comply with WORM storage regulatory requirements.

 

Ques. 18): What Are the Retention Methods for Object Locks?

Answer:

The two main object retention choices are as follows:

Retention Time: A user can provide a retention period (days, months, or years) for their object in the S3 bucket using this technique. No one can overwrite or remove the protected object during this time.

Legal Restrictions: The duration of an object lock is not specified in this function. Unless a user deactivates it directly, it remains active.

 

Ques. 19):  How would you upgrade or downgrade a system with Near-Zero downtime?

Answer:

The following steps can help us upgrade or downgrade a system having near-zero downtime:

Step 1: Enter the EC2 console

Step 2: Navigate to the AMI operating system

Step 3: Use the recent instance type to open an instance

Step 4: Install updates and applications

Step 5: Check the instance if it’s working or not

Step 6: If the instance is working, cover up the old instance with the new one by expanding it

Step 7: After the instance is extended, we can upgrade or downgrade a system with near-zero downtime.

 

Ques. 20): In S3, what is Static Website Hosting?

Answer:

A static website is a document that is kept in an AWS S3 bucket and is written in HTML, CSS, or Javascript. This website can be hosted on an S3 bucket that serves as a web server. Other AWS options for hosting dynamic websites are available.

Uploading an html page to an AWS S3 bucket is required to host a static website. The 'Static Website Hosting' option is easily found in the bucket properties. Select the Enable option and specify the index file that was uploaded to S3. To keep things simple, the index document should be uploaded to the root of the S3 bucket.

 

 

 


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