Showing posts with label beginners. Show all posts
Showing posts with label beginners. Show all posts

June 07, 2022

Top 20 Amazon OpenSearch Interview Questions and Answers

  

    Amazon OpenSearch Service is used to do interactive log analytics, real-time application monitoring, internet search, and other tasks. OpenSearch is a distributed search and analytics package based on Elasticsearch that is open source. Amazon OpenSearch Service is the successor of Amazon Elasticsearch Service, and it includes the most recent versions of OpenSearch, as well as support for 19 different versions of Elasticsearch (from 1.5 to 7.10), as well as visualisation features via OpenSearch Dashboards and Kibana (1.5 to 7.10 versions).


AWS(Amazon Web Services) Interview Questions and Answers


AWS Cloud Interview Questions and Answers


Ques. 1): What is an Amazon OpenSearch Service domain?

Answer:

Elasticsearch (1.5 to 7.10) or OpenSearch clusters built with the Amazon OpenSearch Service dashboard, CLI, or API are considered Amazon OpenSearch Service domains. Each domain is a cloud-based OpenSearch or Elasticsearch cluster with the computation and storage resources you choose. Domains may be created and deleted, infrastructure attributes can be defined, and access and security can be controlled. One or more Amazon OpenSearch Service domains can be used.


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Ques. 2): Why should I store my items in cold storage?

Answer:

Cold storage allows you to increase the data you wish to examine on Amazon OpenSearch Service at a lower cost and acquire significant insights into data that was previously purged or archived. If you need to undertake research or forensic analysis on older data and want to access all of the features of Amazon OpenSearch Service at an affordable price, cold storage is a wonderful choice. Cold storage is designed for large-scale deployments and is supported by Amazon S3. Find and discover the data you want, then link it to your cluster's UltraWarm nodes and make it available for analysis in seconds. The same fine-grained access control restrictions that limit access at the index, document, and field level apply to attached cold data.


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Ques. 3): What types of error logs does Amazon OpenSearch Service expose?

Answer:

OpenSearch makes use of Apache Log4j 2 and its built-in log levels of TRACE, DEBUG, INFO, WARN, ERROR, and FATAL (from least to most severe). If you enable error logs, Amazon OpenSearch Service sends WARN, ERROR, and FATAL log lines to CloudWatch, as well as select failures from the DEBUG level.  


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Ques. 4): Is it true that enabling slow logs in Amazon OpenSearch Service also enables logging for all indexes?

Answer:

No. When slow logs are enabled in Amazon OpenSearch Service, the option to publish the generated logs to Amazon CloudWatch Logs for indices in the provided domain becomes available. However, in order to begin the logging process, you must first adjust the parameters for one or more indices.


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Ques. 5): Is it possible to make more snapshots of my Amazon OpenSearch Service domains as needed?

Answer:

Yes. In addition to the daily-automated snapshots made by Amazon OpenSearch Service, you may utilise the snapshot API to make extra manual snapshots. Manual snapshots are saved in your S3 bucket and are subject to Amazon S3 use fees.


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Ques. 6): Is there any performance data available from Amazon OpenSearch Service via Amazon CloudWatch?

Answer:

Yes. Several performance indicators for data and master nodes are exposed by Amazon CloudWatch, including number of nodes, cluster health, searchable documents, EBS metrics (if relevant), CPU, memory, and disc use.


AWS EC2 Interview Questions and Answers


Ques. 7): Can my Amazon OpenSearch Service domains be accessed by applications operating on servers in my own data centre?

Answer:

Yes. Through a public endpoint, applications having public Internet access can access Amazon OpenSearch Service domains. You can utilise VPC access if your data centre is already linked to Amazon VPC using Direct Connect or SSH tunnelling. In both circumstances, you may use IAM rules and security groups to grant access to your Amazon OpenSearch Service domains to applications operating on non-AWS servers.  


AWS Lambda Interview Questions and Answers


Ques. 8): How does Amazon OpenSearch Service handle AZ outages and instance failures?

Answer:

When one or more instances in an AZ become unavailable or unusable, Amazon OpenSearch Service attempts to put up new instances in the same AZ to take their place. If the domain has been set to deploy instances over several AZs, and fresh instances cannot be brought up in the AZ, Amazon OpenSearch Service brings up new instances in the other available AZs. When the AZ problem is resolved, Amazon OpenSearch Service rebalances the instances so that they are evenly distributed among the domain's AZs.


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Ques. 9): What is the distribution of dedicated master instances among AZs?

Answer:

When you deploy your data instances in a single AZ, you must also deploy your dedicated master instances in the same AZ. If you divide your data instances over two or three AZs, Amazon OpenSearch Service distributes the dedicated master instances across three AZs automatically. If a region only has two AZs, or if you choose an older-generation instance type for the master instances that isn't accessible in all AZs, this rule does not apply.


AWS Simple Storage Service (S3) Interview Questions and Answers


Ques. 10): Is it possible to integrate Amazon OpenSearch Service with Logstash?

Answer:

Yes. Logstash is compatible with Amazon OpenSearch Service. You may use your Amazon OpenSearch Service domain as the backend repository for all Logstash logs. You may use request signing to authenticate calls from your Logstash implementation or resource-based IAM policies to include IP addresses of instances running your Logstash implementation when configuring access control on your Amazon OpenSearch Service domain.


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Ques. 11): What does the Amazon OpenSearch Service accomplish for me?

Answer:

From delivering infrastructure capacity in the network environment you require to installing the OpenSearch or Elasticsearch software, Amazon OpenSearch Service automates the work needed in setting up a domain. Once your domain is up and running, Amazon OpenSearch Service automates standard administration chores like backups, instance monitoring, and software patching. The Amazon OpenSearch Service and Amazon CloudWatch work together to provide metrics that offer information about the condition of domains. To make customising your domain to your application's needs easier, Amazon OpenSearch Service provides tools to adjust your domain instance and storage settings.


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Ques. 12): What data sources is Trace Analytics compatible with?

Answer:

Trace Analytics now enables the collection of trace data from open source OpenTelemetry Collector-compatible application libraries and SDKs, such as the Jaeger, Zipkin, and X-Ray SDKs. AWS Distro for OpenTelemetry, a distribution of OpenTelemetry APIs, SDKs, and agents/collectors, is also integrated with Trace Analytics. It is an AWS-supported, high-performance and secure distribution of OpenTelemetry components that has been tested for production usage. Customers may utilise AWS Distro for OpenTelemetry to gather traces and metrics for a variety of monitoring solutions, including Amazon OpenSearch Service, AWS X-Ray, and Amazon CloudWatch for trace data and metrics, respectively.


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Ques. 13): What is the relationship between Open Distro for Elasticsearch and the Amazon OpenSearch Service?

Answer:

Open Distro for Elasticsearch has a new home in the OpenSearch project. Amazon OpenSearch Service now supports OpenSearch and provides capabilities such as corporate security, alerting, machine learning, SQL, index state management, and more that were previously only accessible through Open Distro.


AWS Cloudwatch interview Questions and Answers


Ques. 14): What are UltraWarm's performance characteristics?

Answer:

UltraWarm implements granular I/O caching, prefetching, and query engine improvements in OpenSearch Dashboards and Kibana to give performance comparable to high-density installations using local storage.


AWS Elastic Block Store (EBS) Interview Questions and Answers


Ques. 15): Is it possible to cancel a Reserved Instance?

Answer:

No, Reserved Instances cannot be cancelled, and the one-time payment (if applicable) and discounted hourly usage rate (if applicable) are non-refundable. You also won't be able to move the Reserved Instance to another account. Regardless matter how much time you use your Reserved Instance, you must pay for each hour.


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Ques. 16): What happens to my reservation if I scale my Reserved Instance up or down?

Answer:

Each Reserved Instance is linked to the instance type and region that you choose. You will not receive lower pricing if you change the instance type in the Region where you have the Reserved Instance. You must double-check that your reservation corresponds to the instance type you intend to utilise.  


AWS Secrets Manager Interview Questions and Answers


Ques. 17): For the Amazon OpenSearch Service, what constitutes billable instance hours?

Answer:

Instance hours are invoiced for each hour your instance is running in an available state on Amazon OpenSearch Service. To prevent being paid for extra instance hours, you must deactivate the domain if you no longer want to be charged for your Amazon OpenSearch Service instance. Instance hours utilised in part by Amazon OpenSearch Service are invoiced as full hours.


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Ques. 18): Is it possible to update the domain swiftly without losing any data?

Answer:

No. All of the data in your cluster is recovered as part of the in-place version upgrading procedure. You can take a snapshot of your data, erase all your indexes from the domain, and then do an in-place version upgrade if you simply want to upgrade the domain. You may also establish a new domain using the newest version and then restore your data to that domain.


AWS Cloud Support Engineer Interview Question and Answers


Ques. 19): How does Amazon OpenSearch Service protect itself from problems that may arise during version upgrades?

Answer:

Before triggering the update, Amazon OpenSearch Service conducts a series of checks to look for known problems that might prevent the upgrade. If no problems are found, the service takes a snapshot of the domain and, if the snapshot is successful, begins the upgrading process. If there are any problems with any of the stages, the upgrade will not take place.


AWS Solution Architect Interview Questions and Answers


Ques. 20): When logging is turned on or off, will the cluster experience any downtime?

Answer:

No. There will be no lulls in the action. We will install a new cluster in the background every time the log status is changed, and replace the old cluster with the new one. There will be no downtime as a result of this procedure. However, because a new cluster has been installed, the log status will not be updated immediately.

 

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Top 20 Amazon EMR Interview Questions and Answers

 

    Using open source frameworks like as Apache Spark, Apache Hive, and Presto, Amazon EMR is the industry-leading cloud big data platform for data processing, interactive analysis, and machine learning. With EMR, you can perform petabyte-scale analysis for half the price of typical on-premises solutions and over 1.7 times quicker than ordinary Apache Spark.


AWS(Amazon Web Services) Interview Questions and Answers


AWS Cloud Interview Questions and Answers


Ques. 1): What are the benefits of using Amazon EMR?

Answer:

Amazon EMR frees you up to focus on data transformation and analysis rather than maintaining computing resources or open-source apps, and it saves you money. You may supply as much or as little capacity on Amazon EC2 as you want using EMR, and build up scaling rules to handle changing compute demand. CloudWatch notifications may be set up to notify you of changes in your infrastructure so you can react quickly. You may use EMR to submit your workloads to Amazon EKS clusters if you utilise Kubernetes. Whether you employ EC2 or EKS, EMR's optimised runtimes help you save time and money by speeding up your analysis.


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Ques. 2): How do I troubleshoot a query that keeps failing after each iteration?

Answer:

You may use the same tools that they use to troubleshoot Hadoop Jobs in the case of a processing failure. The Amazon EMR web portal, for example, may be used to locate and view error logs. Here's where you can learn more about troubleshooting an EMR task.


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Ques. 3): What is the best way to create a data processing application?

Answer:

In Amazon EMR Studio, you can create, display, and debug data science and data engineering applications written in R, Python, Scala, and PySpark. You may also create a data processing task on your desktop and run it on Amazon EMR using Eclipse, Spyder, PyCharm, or RStudio. When spinning up a new cluster, you may also pick JupyterHub or Zeppelin in the software configuration and build your application on Amazon EMR utilising one or more instances.


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Ques. 4): Is it possible to perform many queries in a single iteration?

Answer:

Yes, you may specify a previously ran iteration in subsequent processing by specifying the kinesis.checkpoint.iteration.no option. The approach ensures that subsequent runs on the same iteration use the exact same input records from the Kinesis stream as earlier runs.


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Ques. 5): In Amazon EMR, how is a computation done?

Answer:

The Hadoop data processing engine is used by Amazon EMR to perform calculations using the MapReduce programming methodology. The customer uses the map() and reduce() methods to create their algorithm. A customer-specified number of Amazon EC2 instances, consisting of one master and several additional nodes, are started by the service. On these instances, Amazon EMR runs Hadoop software. The master node separates the input data into blocks and distributes the block processing to the subordinate nodes. The map function is then applied to the data that has been assigned to each node, resulting in intermediate data. The intermediate data is then sorted and partitioned before being transmitted to processes on the nodes that perform the reduction function locally.


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Ques. 6): What distinguishes EMR Studio from EMR Notebooks?

Answer:

There are five major differences:

EMR Studio does not require access to the AWS Management Console. The EMR Studio server is not part of the AWS Management Console. If you don't want data scientists or engineers to have access to the AWS Management Console, this is a good option.

To log in to EMR Studio, you can utilise enterprise credentials from your identity provider using AWS Single Sign-On (SSO).

EMR Studio provides you with your first notebook encounter. Because EMR Studio kernels and applications operate on EMR clusters, you receive the benefit of distributed data processing with the Amazon EMR runtime for Apache Spark, which is designed for performance.

Attaching the laptop to an existing cluster or establishing a new one is all it takes to run code on a cluster.

EMR Studio features a user interface that is simple to use and abstracts hardware specifications. For instance, you can create cluster templates once and then utilise them to create future clusters.

EMR Studio facilitates debugging by allowing you to access native application user interfaces in one location with as few clicks as feasible.


AWS EC2 Interview Questions and Answers


Ques. 7): What tools are available to me for debugging?

Answer:

You may use a variety of tools to gather information about your cluster and figure out what went wrong. If you utilise Amazon EMR studio, you can leverage debugging tools like Spark UI and YARN Timeline Service. You can gain off-cluster access to persistent application user interfaces for Apache Spark, Tez UI, and the YARN timeline server through the Amazon EMR Console, as well as multiple on-cluster application user interfaces and a summary view of application history for all YARN apps. You may also use SSH to connect to your Master Node and inspect cluster instances using these web interfaces. See our docs for additional details.


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Ques. 8): What are the advantages of utilising Command Line Tools or APIs rather than the AWS Management Console?

Answer:

The Command Line Tools or APIs allow you to programmatically launch and monitor the progress of running clusters, as well as build custom functionality for other Amazon EMR customers (such as sequences with multiple processing steps, scheduling, workflow, or monitoring) or build value-added tools or applications. The AWS Management Console, on the other hand, offers a simple graphical interface for starting and monitoring your clusters from a web browser.


AWS Cloud Security Interview Questions and Answers


Ques. 9): What distinguishes EMR Studio from SageMaker Studio?

Answer:

With Amazon EMR, you may utilise both EMR Studio and SageMaker Studio. EMR Studio is an integrated development environment (IDE) for developing, visualising, and debugging data engineering and data science applications in R, Python, Scala, and PySpark. Amazon SageMaker Studio is a web-based visual interface that allows you to complete all machine learning development phases in one place. SageMaker Studio provides you total control, visibility, and access to every step of the model development, training, and deployment process. You can upload data, create new notebooks, train and tune models, travel back and forth between phases to change experiments, compare findings, and push models to production all in one spot, increasing your productivity significantly.


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Ques. 10): Is it possible to establish or open a workspace in EMR Studio without a cluster?

Answer:

Yes, a workspace may be created or opened without being attached to a cluster. You should only join them to a cluster when you need to execute. EMR Studio kernels and apps run on Amazon EMR clusters, allowing you to take advantage of distributed data processing with the Amazon EMR runtime for Apache Spark.


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Ques. 11): What computational resources can I use in EMR Studio to execute notebooks?

Answer:

You may execute notebook code on Amazon EMR on Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) or Amazon EMR on Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service using EMR Studio (Amazon EKS). Notebooks can be added to either existing or new clusters. In EMR Studio, you can construct EMR clusters in two ways: by using an AWS Service Catalog pre-configured cluster template or by defining the cluster name, number of instances, and instance type.


AWS SageMaker Interview Questions and Answers


Ques. 12): What IAM policies are required to utilise EMR Studio?

Answer:

To interact with other AWS services, each EMR studio requires permissions. Your administrators must build an EMR Studio service role using the specified policies to grant the essential access to your EMR Studios. They must also create a user role for EMR Studio that defines permissions at the Studio level. They may assign a session policy to a user or group when they add users and groups from AWS Single Sign-On (AWS SSO) to EMR Studio to apply fine-grained authorization constraints. Administrators may utilise session policies to fine-tune user rights without having to create several IAM roles. See Policies and Permissions in the AWS Identity and Access Management User Guide for further information on session policies.


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Ques. 13): What may EMR Notebooks be used for?

Answer:

EMR Notebooks make it simple to create Apache Spark apps and conduct interactive queries on your EMR cluster. Multiple users may build serverless notebooks straight from the interface, attach them to an existing shared EMR cluster, or provision a cluster and begin playing with Spark right away. Notebooks can be detached and reattached to new clusters. Notebooks are automatically saved to S3 buckets, and you may access them from the console to resume working. The libraries contained in the Anaconda repository are preconfigured in EMR Notebooks, allowing you to import and utilise them in your notebooks code to modify data and show results. Furthermore, EMR notebooks feature built-in Spark monitoring capabilities, allowing you to track the status of your Spark operations and debug code directly from the notebook.


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Ques. 14): Is Amazon EMR compatible with Amazon EC2 Spot, Reserved, and On-Demand Instances?

Answer:

Yes. On-Demand, Spot, and Reserved Instances are all supported by Amazon EMR.


AWS Elastic Block Store (EBS) Interview Questions and Answers


Ques. 15): What role do Availability Zones play in Amazon EMR?

 Answer:

All nodes for a cluster are launched in the same Amazon EC2 Availability Zone using Amazon EMR. Running a cluster in the same zone enhances work flow performance. By default, Amazon EMR runs your cluster in the Availability Zone with the greatest available resources. You can, however, define a different Availability Zone if necessary. You may also utilise On-Demand Capacity Reservations to optimise your allocation for the lowest-priced on-demand instances, best spot capacity, or lowest-priced on-demand instances.


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Ques. 16): What are node types in a cluster?

Answer:

There are three sorts of nodes in an Amazon EMR cluster:

master node : A master node supervises the cluster by executing software components that coordinate the distribution of data and tasks among the other nodes for processing. The master node keeps track of task progress and oversees the cluster's health. A master node is present in every cluster, and it is feasible to establish a single-node cluster using only the master node.

core node : A core node is a node that contains software components that conduct jobs and store data in your cluster's Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS). At least one core node exists in multi-node clusters.

task node: A task node is a node that only performs tasks and does not store data in HDFS. Task nodes are not required.


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Ques. 17): Can Amazon EMR restore a cluster's master node if it goes down?

Answer:

Yes. You may set up an EMR cluster with three master nodes (version 5.23 or later) to offer high availability for applications like YARN Resource Manager, HDFS Name Node, Spark, Hive, and Ganglia. If the primary master node fails or important processes, such as Resource Manager or Name Node, crash, Amazon EMR immediately switches to a backup master node. You may run your long-lived EMR clusters without interruption since the master node is not a potential single point of failure. When a master node fails, Amazon EMR immediately replaces it with a new master node that has the same configuration and boot-strap activities.


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Ques. 18): What are the steps for configuring Hadoop settings for my cluster?

Answer:

For most workloads, the EMR default Hadoop setup is sufficient. However, depending on the memory and processing needs of your cluster, changing these values may be necessary. If your cluster activities are memory-intensive, for example, you may want to employ fewer tasks per core and limit the size of your job tracker heap. A pre-defined Bootstrap Action is offered to configure your cluster on starting in this case. For setup information and usage instructions, see the Developer's Guide's Configure Memory Intensive Bootstrap Action. You may also use an extra preset bootstrap action to tailor your cluster parameters to whatever value you like.


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Ques. 19): Is it possible to modify tags directly on Amazon EC2 instances?

Answer:

Yes, tags may be added or removed directly on Amazon EC2 instances in an Amazon EMR cluster. However, because Amazon EMR's tagging system does not immediately sync changes to a corresponding Amazon EC2 instance, we do not advocate doing so. To guarantee that the cluster and its associated Amazon EC2 instances have the necessary tags, we recommend using the Amazon EMR GUI, CLI, or API to add and delete tags for Amazon EMR clusters.


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Ques. 20): How does Amazon EMR operate with Amazon EKS?

Answer:

Amazon EMR requires you to register your EKS cluster. Then, using the CLI, SDK, or EMR Studio, send your Spark tasks to EMR. The Kubernetes scheduler on EKS is used by EMR to schedule Pods. EMR on EKS creates a container for each task you perform. The container includes an Amazon Linux 2 base image with security updates, as well as Apache Spark and its dependencies, as well as your application's particular needs. Each Job is contained within a pod. This container is downloaded and executed by the Pod. If the container's image has already been deployed to the node, the download is skipped and a cached image is utilised instead. Log or metric forwarders, for example, can be deployed as sidecar containers to the pod. When the job finishes, the Pod finishes as well. You may continue debug the task using Spark UI after it has finished.


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