Showing posts with label mvc. Show all posts
Showing posts with label mvc. Show all posts

February 16, 2021

Top 20 AngularJS Interview Questions and Answers

 

Ques. 1): What is Angular JS ?

Answer: 

AngularJS is a JavaScript framework that is used for making rich, extensible web applications. It runs on plain JavaScript and HTML, so you don’t need any other dependencies to make it work.AngularJS is perfect for Single Page Applications (SPA). It is basically used for binding JavaScript objects with HTML UI elements.AngularJS handle a single event, observable is a stream that allows passing of more than one event. A callback is made for each event in an observable.

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Ques. 2): What are the advantages of the AngularJS framework?

Answer: 

The AngularJS framework offers many advantages for web development like:

•        It supports MVC pattern

•        It supports animations along with client-server communication

•        It provides two-way data binding that is not possible in other cases.

•        It supports angular and static template

•        It supports dependency injection

•        It supports full rest services

•        It applies animations

•        It offers to add custom directives

•        It supports event Handlers

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Ques. 3): Please explain the difference between Angular and AngularJS?

Answer: 

The differences between Angular and AngularJS are stated as follows:

•      Architecture - AngularJS supports the MVC design model. Angular relies on components and directives instead

•      Dependency Injection (DI) - Angular supports a hierarchical Dependency Injection with unidirectional tree-based change detection. AngularJS doesn’t support DI

•      Expression Syntax - In AngularJS, a specific ng directive is required for the image or property and an event. Angular, on the other hand, use () and [] for blinding an event and accomplishing property binding, respectively

•      Mobile Support - AngularJS doesn’t have mobile support while Angular does have

•      Recommended Language - While JavaScript is the recommended language for AngularJS, TypeScript is the recommended language for Angular

•      Routing - For routing, AngularJS uses $routeprovider. when() whereas Angular uses @RouteConfig{(…)}

•      Speed - The development effort and time are reduced significantly thanks to support for two-way data binding in AngularJS. Nonetheless, Angular is faster thanks to upgraded features

•      Structure - With a simplified structure, Angular makes the development and maintenance of large applications easier. Comparatively, AngularJS has a less manageable structure

•      Support - No official support or updates are available for the AngularJS. On the contrary, Angular has active support with updates rolling out every now and then

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Ques. 4): What is the Template, scope and controller in AngularJS ?

Answer:

Template: The template is the HTML portion of the angular app. It is exactly like a static HTML page, except that templates contain additional syntax which allows data to be injected in it in order to provide a customized user experience.

Scope: The scope is the object that represents the “model” of your application. It contains fields that store data which is presented to the user via the template, as well as functions which can be called when the user performs certain actions such as clicking a button.

Controller: The controller is a function which generally takes an empty scope object as a parameter and adds to it the fields and functions that will be later exposed to the user via the view.

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Ques. 5): Could we make an angular application to render on the server-side?

Answer: 

Yes, we can, with Angular Universal, a technology provided by Angular capable of rendering applications on the server-side.

The benefits of using Angular Universal are:

•    Better User Experience: Allows users to see the view of the application instantly.

•    Better SEO: Universal ensures that the content is available on every search engine leading to better SEO.

•    Loads Faster: Render pages are available to the browsers sooner, so the server-side application loads faster.

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Ques. 6): How do you share data between controllers in AngularJs?

Answer: 

We can share data by creating a service, Services are the easiest, fastest, and cleaner way to share data between controllers in AngularJs. There are also other ways to share data between controllers, they are

•        Using Events

•        $parent, nextSibling, controllerAs

•        Using the $rootScope

 

Ques. 7): Difference between SessionStorage, Cookies, and LocalStorage

Answer:

SessionStorage: In session storage, data stored in a specific session, and it will be lost in a case the browser tab closed for a particular time or session. In session storage, it stores 5MB maximum size of data.

Cookies: Cookies help to store that data that needs to send back to the server by request. The usage of cookies relies on the duration and typeset from either the client-side or the server size. In cookies, it stores 4MB, the maximum size of data.

LocalStorage: In local storage, there is no expiration date for storing of data. In this case, it is possible to clear the data only either with JavaScript or the browser cache. In local storage, it stores the maximum size of data as compared to session storage and cookies.

 

Ques. 8): Explain Dependency Injection?

Answer: 

Dependency injection is an application design pattern that is implemented by Angular and forms the core concepts of Angular.

Let us understand in a detailed manner. Dependencies in Angular are services which have a functionality. Various components and directives in an application can need these functionalities of the service. Angular provides a smooth mechanism by which these dependencies are injected into components and directives.

 

Ques. 9): What is the SPA (Single page application) in AngularJs?

Answer: 

Single page application is a web application that used to load a single HTML page. It also helps to update the page to make the users connect with the application. With the help of HTML and AJAX, it is possible by the SPA to create responsively, and fluid web app without entertaining invariant page reloads. In this way, one can able to make responsive UI without taking the assistance of page flicker.

 

Ques. 10): Difference between AngularJS and JavaScript Expressions?

Answer: 

Below are some major difference between AngularJS and JavaScript Expressions

•    Both can contain literals, operators, and variables.

•    AngularJS expressions can be written in HTML but JavaScript expressions are not.

•    AngularJS expressions do not support conditionals, loops, and exceptions, while JavaScript expressions do.

•    AngularJS expressions support filters, while JavaScript expressions do not.

 

Ques. 11): What is the AOT (Ahead-Of-Time) Compilation? What are its advantages?

Answer:  

An angular application consists of components and templates which a browser cannot understand. Therefore, every Angular application needs to be compiled before running inside the browser. The Angular compiler takes in the JS code, compiles it, and then produces some JS code. It is known as AOT compilation and happens only once per occasion per user.

There are two kinds of compilation that Angular provides:

JIT(Just-in-Time) compilation: the application compiles inside the browser during runtime

AOT(Ahead-of-Time) compilation: the application compiles during the build time.

Advantages of AOT compilation:

•      Fast Rendering: The browser loads the executable code and renders it immediately as the application is compiled before running inside the browser.

•      Fewer Ajax Requests: The compiler sends the external HTML and CSS files along with the application, eliminating AJAX requests for those source files.

•      Minimizing Errors: Easy to detect and handle errors during the building phase.

•      Better Security: Before an application runs inside the browser, the AOT compiler adds HTML and templates into the JS files, so there are no extra HTML files to be read, thus providing better security for the application.

 

Ques. 12): What is the ng-App directive in AngularJs?

Answer: 

The ng-App directive in AngularJs is used to specify the AngularJs Application. It is used to call the root element of an AngularJs app. Also, it can be stored near <body> or <html> tag. It is possible to show any number of ng-app directives in the HTML document. However, it is possible to bootstrap only one application automatically. Moreover, the other applications are needed to bootstrap manually.

For Example:

//<div ng-app=””>

<p>My first expression: {{178 + 133}} </p>

</div>//

 

Ques. 13): What is the difference between one-way binding and two-way binding in AngularJS ?

Answer: 

In One-Way data binding, view (UI part) not updates automatically when data model changed. We need to write custom code to make it updated every time.

ng-bind has one-way data binding.

While in two way binding scope variable will change it’s value every time its data model changed is assigned to a different value.

 

Ques. 14): Explain Angular Authentication and Authorization.

Answer: 

The user login credentials are passed to an authenticate API, which is present on the server. Post server-side validation of the credentials, a JWT (JSON Web Token) is returned. The JWT has information or attributes regarding the current user. The user is then identified with the given JWT. This is called authentication.

Post logging-in successfully, different users have a different level of access. While some may access everything, access for others might be restricted to only some resources. The level of access is authorization.

 

Ques. 15): What is dependency injection In AngularJs and how does it work?

Answer:

AngularJS was designed to highlight the power of dependency injection, a software design pattern that places an emphasis on giving components of their dependencies instead of hardcoding them within the component. For example, if you had a controller that needed to access a list of customers, you would store the actual list of customers in a service that can be injected into the controller instead of hardcoding the list of customers into the code of the controller itself. In AngularJS you can inject values, factories, services, providers, and constants.

 

Ques. 16): How to enable HTML5 mode in Angular 1.x?

Answer: 

html5Mode method of $locationProvider module is used to enable HTML5 mode in Angular 1.x. For creating pretty URLs and removing # from URLs html5Mode need to true.

Enabling html5Mode to true in Angular 1.x.

angular.module('myApp', [])

    .config(function($routeProvider, $locationProvider) {

        $routeProvider

            .when('/', {

                templateUrl : 'partials/home.html',

                controller : mainController

            })

        // use the HTML5 History API

        $locationProvider.html5Mode(true);

    });

 

Ques. 17): How to access parent scope from child controller in AngularJS ?

Answer: 

In angular there is a scope variable called $parent (i.e. $scope.$parent). $parent is used to access parent scope from child controller in Angular JS.

Example:

<div ng-controller="ParentCtrl">

    <h1>{{ name }}</h1>

    <p>{{ address }}</p>

    <div ng-controller="ChildCtrl">

        <h1>{{ title }}</h1>

        <input type="text" ng-model="$parent.address" />

</div>

 

Ques. 18): Explain all the steps to configure an Angular App (ng-app)

 Answer: 

There are specific points that need to consider to configure an Angular app:

•      First of all, the Angular module should be created

•      Then, a controller is assigned to the module

•      After that, the module is get linked with the HTML template by the assistance of the Angular App.

•      Finally, the HTML template will get linked to the controller with an ng-controller directive.

 

Ques. 19): What is a Mocked Service in AngularJs? How to use it?

Answer: 

It is the most common type of dependency on AngularJS application. A service can be mocked in two ways by either getting an instance of actual service using an inject block or by implementing a mock service using $provide.

 

Ques. 20): What do you mean by ng-include and ng-click directives in AngularJs?

Answer: 

The term ng-include is needed to add distinct files on the main page while the ng-include directive adds HTML from an external file. The added content will be considered as child nodes of the particular element. Moreover, the added file should be placed on the similar domain like the document such as <div ng-include=”‘myFile.htm'”></div>. Moreover, ng-click is used in the case when we need to click on a bottom or when there is a need to perform an operation. The main purpose of it conveys AngularJs how to behave in case an HTML element is clicked. For example: //<button ng-click=”count = count + 1″ ng-init=”count=0″>OK</button>//

The above-written code is used for hiking up the count variable by 1 when the button gets clicked.