February 24, 2023

Top 20 AWS DataSync Interview Questions and Answers

  

        An online service called Amazon DataSync makes it easier and faster to transport data to and from AWS as well as between on-premises storage, edge locations, other clouds, and AWS Storage.

By giving you insight into the performance and usage of your on-premises storage and offering suggestions for moving your data to Amazon Storage services, AWS DataSync Discovery (Preview) makes migration planning easier and speeds up your data migration to AWS. Through automated data collection and analysis, DataSync Discovery gives you the ability to better understand the performance and capacity usage of your on-premises storage. This allows you to quickly identify the data that needs to be migrated and use the generated recommendations to choose AWS Storage services that meet your performance and cost requirements.

 

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Ques. 1): What is AWS DataSync?

Answer:

Moving data between on-premises systems and Amazon Storage services is automated and expedited through the secure, online solution known as AWS DataSync. DataSync is able to move information between Network File System (NFS) shares, Server Message Block (SMB) shares, Hadoop Distributed File Systems (HDFS), self-managed object storage, AWS Snowcone, Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3) buckets, Amazon Elastic File System (Amazon EFS), Amazon FSx for Windows File Server file systems, Amazon FSx for Lustre file systems, Amazon FSz for OpenZFS file systems, and Amazon FSx

 

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Ques. 2): What issue does AWS DataSync help me with?

Answer:

Amazon DataSync makes it simple to transfer datasets between on-premises, edge, or other cloud storage and AWS Storage services, as well as between AWS Storage services, by lowering the complexity and cost of online data transfer. Using industry-standard storage protocols (NFS, SMB), as an HDFS client, or by utilising the Amazon S3 API, DataSync can connect to existing storage systems and data sources. In order to speed up data transfer between storage devices and AWS services, it makes use of a network protocol that was specifically designed for the purpose. DataSync automatically scales and manages moving files and objects, schedules data transfers, keeps track of transfer progress, encrypts data transfers, verifies data transfers, and alerts users to any problems. With DataSync you pay only for the amount of data copied, with no minimum commitments or upfront fees.

  

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Ques. 3): Where can I send and receive data?

Answer:

Network File System (NFS) shares, Server Message Block (SMB) shares, Hadoop Distributed File Systems (HDFS), self-managed object storage, Google Cloud Storage, Azure Files, AWS Snowcone, Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3), Amazon Elastic File System (Amazon EFS), Amazon FSx for Windows File Server file systems, Amazon FSx for Lustre file systems, Amazon FSx for OpenZFS file systems, and Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3)  and Amazon FSx for NetApp ONTAP file systems.


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Ques. 4): How do I duplicate data to Amazon using AWS DataSync for business continuity?

Answer:

With AWS DataSync, you may automatically replicate files into any class of Amazon S3 storage, or you can transmit the data to a standby file system using Amazon EFS, Amazon FSx for Windows File Server, Amazon FSx for Lustre, Amazon FSx for OpenZFS, or Amazon FSx for NetApp ONTAP. To make sure that updates to your dataset are consistently copied to your target storage, use the built-in task scheduling mechanism.


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Ques. 5): Can I create my data lake with AWS DataSync?

Answer:

Yes. You can quickly create your data lake with AWS DataSync by automating the transfer of data from other clouds or on-premises sources to Amazon S3. With DataSync, you may quickly and easily move your whole data set using HDFS, the Amazon S3 API, or common storage protocols (NFS, SMB). You can plan additional data transfers to Amazon after transferring your original dataset. To assist ensure that your data arrives safely, intact, and ready for use, DataSync features encryption and integrity checks. You can plan transfer operations to run during off-peak hours or restrict the amount of network bandwidth that DataSync requires by configuring the built-in bandwidth throttle to reduce the impact on workloads that depend on your network connection. In order to acquire insights from your unstructured data sets, you can utilise native AWS services to run big data analytics, artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), high-performance computing (HPC), and media data processing applications.


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Ques. 6): How do I get started using AWS DataSync Discovery (Preview)?

Answer:

Installing an AWS DataSync agent in your on-premises VM environment is the first step. Configure DataSync Discovery (Preview) to connect to your on-premises storage and run discovery jobs to gather information about your storage system, including performance, capacity, and utilisation metrics, using the DataSync console, CLI, or SDK. Dashboards in the DataSync panel allow you to view details about your storage systems while your discovery processes are running. Following the conclusion of a discovery job, the data gathered is examined to generate suggestions for switching to AWS storage services including Amazon EFS, Amazon FSx, and Amazon S3. You can use these suggestions to help you decide which Amazon Storage services to utilise, and you can use AWS DataSync to move your data.


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Ques. 7): How do I deploy an AWS DataSync agent?

Answer:

You install an AWS DataSync agent on your public cloud environment, Amazon EC2, or your on-premises hypervisor. You must download the agent virtual machine image from the Amazon Console and deploy it to your local VMware ESXi, Linux Kernel-based Virtual Machine (KVM), or Microsoft Hyper-V hypervisor in order to copy data to or from an on-premises file server. When using a DataSync agent, the agent must be set up to be able to connect to your file server through NFS, SMB, to NameNodes and DataNodes in your Hadoop cluster, or to your self-managed object storage via the Amazon S3 API. Deploy the agent on your Outpost to configure transfers between your S3 buckets on Amazon Outposts and S3 buckets in AWS Regions. Use the pre-installed DataSync agent AMI to configure transfers between your AWS Snowcone device and AWS storage.

To transfer data between Amazon Storage services inside the same AWS account, an agent deployment is not necessary. You can run an Amazon EC2 instance using a DataSync agent AMI to copy data to or from a self-managed in-cloud file server or between AWS Storage services in separate AWS accounts.


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Ques. 8): Is it possible to schedule data transfers with Amazon DataSync?

Answer:

Yes. With the Amazon DataSync Console or AWS Command Line Interface (CLI), you can schedule your jobs without having to create and execute scripts to handle repetitive transfers. Hourly, daily, or weekly choices are available right in the Console for task scheduling, which automatically executes jobs according to the schedule you define. This gives you the ability to guarantee that updates to your dataset are instantly recognised and replicated to your final storage.


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Ques. 9): Does Amazon DataSync support AWS PrivateLink or VPC endpoints?

Answer:

Data migration use cases do support VPC endpoints. In order to prevent data transfer between your Amazon DataSync agent, whether it is installed on-premises or in the cloud, from using the public internet or requiring public IP addresses, you can use VPC endpoints. The security of your data is increased by using VPC endpoints because network traffic is contained within your Amazon Virtual Private Cloud (Amazon VPC). Amazon PrivateLink, a highly available, scalable technology that enables you to privately connect your VPC to compatible AWS services, powers VPC endpoints for DataSync.

 

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Ques. 10): Can I copy my data into Amazon S3 Glacier Deep Archive, Amazon S3 Glacier Flexible Retrieval (formerly S3 Glacier), or other S3 storage classes?

Answer:

Yes. You can choose the S3 storage type that DataSync uses to store items when setting up an S3 bucket for use with AWS DataSync. S3 Standard, S3 Intelligent-Tiering, S3 Standard-Infrequent Access (S3 Standard-IA), S3 One Zone-Infrequent Access (S3 One Zone-IA), Amazon S3 Glacier Flexible Retrieval, and Amazon S3 Glacier Deep Archive are all supported by DataSync for direct data storage (S3 Glacier Deep Archive).

The S3 Standard will be used to store objects that are less than the minimum charge capacity per object. For instance, S3 Standard will store folder objects, which are zero bytes in size and contain only metadata.


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Ques. 11): How are files and folders converted by AWS DataSync into or out of Amazon S3 objects?

Answer:

The relationship between a file or folder and an object is one-to-one when they are copied to Amazon S3. S3 user metadata includes timestamps for files and folders as well as POSIX permissions, such as user ID, group ID, and permissions. File Gateway is fully compatible with S3 user metadata for NFS shares, enabling on-premises file-based access to data stored in Amazon S3 using AWS DataSync.

The file metadata is recovered when DataSync copies objects that include this user metadata back to an NFS server. While copying from NFS to S3, hard links and symbolic connections are also restored.


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Ques. 12): Which S3 storage types and associated Amazon S3 request and storage fees apply when utilising AWS DataSync?

Answer:

Some S3 storage classes include characteristics, such as data retrieval, minimum storage capacities, and minimum storage times, that might affect your costs. To address these issues, DataSync automates data management and offers settings to reduce data retrieval.

Amazon DataSync automatically stores small objects in S3 Standard to avoid the per-object minimum capacity charge. You can enable DataSync to only verify files that were transferred by a certain activity in order to save data retrieval costs. DataSync provides controls for overwriting and removing objects so as to avoid minimum storage duration fees.

 

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Ques. 13): How can Amazon FSx for Windows File Server access my file system?

Answer:

AWS DataSync uses the SMB protocol to connect to your Amazon FSx for Windows File Server file system, authenticating with the username and password you set in the AWS Console or CLI. Your file system is mounted by the DataSync service using Elastic Network Interfaces (ENIs) that it manages inside of your VPC. These ENIs are created, used, and completely managed by DataSync on your behalf.

 

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Ques. 14): How does my Amazon FSx for Lustre file system get access to using AWS DataSync?

Answer:

The DataSync service will construct Elastic Network Interfaces (ENIs) in the same VPC and subnet where your FSx for Lustre file system is stored when you create a DataSync task to transfer to or from it. These ENIs are used by DataSync to connect to your FSx for Lustre file system using the root user and the Lustre protocol. Up to five security groups can be specified when creating a DataSync location resource for your FSx for Lustre file system in order to apply them to the ENIs and set up outbound access from the DataSync service. It is necessary to set up the security groups to permit outbound traffic on the network ports needed by FSx for Lustre.  The security groups on your FSx for Lustre file system should be configured to allow inbound access from the security groups you assigned to the DataSync location resource for your FSx for Lustre file system.

 

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Ques. 15): How does Amazon FSx for OpenZFS file system access work with AWS DataSync?

Answer:

The DataSync service will construct Elastic Network Interfaces (ENIs) in the same VPC and subnet where your FSx for OpenZFS file system is situated when you start a DataSync task to transfer to or from it. These ENIs are used by DataSync to connect to your FSx for OpenZFS file system using the root user's OpenZFS protocol. To apply to the ENIs and set up outbound access from the DataSync service, you can select up to five security groups when you build a DataSync location resource for your FSx for OpenZFS file system. It is necessary to set up the security groups to permit outbound traffic on the network ports needed by FSx for OpenZFS. The security groups on your FSx for OpenZFS file system should be configured to allow inbound access from the security groups you assigned to the DataSync location resource for your FSx for OpenZFS file system.


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Ques. 16): How does Amazon FSx for Netapp ONTAP access my file system?

Answer:

When you create a task, DataSync creates Elastic Network Interfaces (ENIs) in your Amazon FSx for NetApp ONTAP file system's Preferred Subnet of the same VPC. DataSync uses the ENIs it creates in the Preferred Subnet, which is selected when you construct your FSx for ONTAP file system, to access your FSx for ONTAP file system. To configure outbound access from the DataSync service, you can specify up to 5 security groups to apply to the ENIs when you create a DataSync Location resource for your FSx for ONTAP file system. You should configure the security groups on your FSx for ONTAP file system to allow inbound access from the security groups you assigned to the DataSync Location resource for your FSx for ONTAP file system.

 

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Ques. 17): Can I access the same Amazon FSx for NetApp ONTAP file system using different protocols by utilising AWS DataSync?

Answer:

A new DataSync location and task resource must be created for each protocol, yes, but (NFS or SMB). We do not advocate concurrently employing several DataSync activities to copy to the same disc path in order to prevent problems with data overwriting and data verification (whether using the same protocol or different protocols).

 

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Ques. 18): How can I transfer data from Amazon Storage to AWS Snowcone?

Answer:

Your Snowcone device already has the DataSync agent installed as an AMI. Connect the Amazon Snowcone device to the external network, then activate the DataSync agent AMI either AWS OpsHub or the CLI to transmit data online to AWS. Set up your online data move job between AWS Snowcone's NFS store and Amazon S3, Amazon EFS, Amazon FSx for Windows File Server, Amazon FSx for Lustre, Amazon FSx for OpenZFS, or Amazon FSx for NetApp ONTAP after activating the agent using the AWS Management Console or CLI.

 

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Ques. 19): Would the performance of my source file system be impacted by AWS DataSync?

Answer:

Because the agent reads or writes data from that storage system, Amazon DataSync may affect the response time of other clients when accessing the same source data store, depending on the capacity of your on-premises file store and the amount and size of files to be transferred. This effect can be lessened by configuring a bandwidth restriction for a process, which limits the I/O to your storage system.

 

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Ques. 20): Is my data encrypted while being transferred and stored?

Answer:

Yes. TLS, which took the position of Secure Sockets Layer, encrypts all data sent between the source and the destination (SSL). Amazon DataSync itself never stores any data. The service supports leveraging Amazon EFS file system encryption of data at rest, Amazon FSx encryption at rest and in transit, and default encryption for S3 buckets.


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February 10, 2023

Top 20 AWS Migration Hub Interview Questions and Answers

  

In order to assess, plan, and track migrations to AWS, server and application inventory data may be gathered in one place via the AWS Migration Hub. Additionally, Migration Hub can speed up the migration of modernised applications.

 

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Ques. 1): What are the benefits of using AWS Migration Hub?

Answer:

The one-stop shop for cloud migration and modernisation, AWS Migration Hub provides you with all the resources you need to hasten and streamline your AWS experience. Making the case for cloud within your company, planning, carrying out, and monitoring a portfolio of application migrations to AWS, or modernising apps already operating on AWS are all things that Migration Hub can assist with.

 

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Ques. 2): What is actually AWS Migration Hub?

Answer:

You may get the tools you need using AWS Migration Hub to gather and catalogue your current IT assets based on real usage, examine application components and infrastructure dependencies, and organise resources into apps. For business case and migration planning, you may produce suggestions for migration strategies and Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) instances. You can also monitor the progress of application migrations to AWS and update applications that are currently operating on the platform.

 

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Ques. 3): How may AWS Migration Hub aid in my comprehension of my IT environment?

Answer:

AWS Migration Hub enables you to explore data gathered by AWS discovery tools and kept in the repository of the AWS Application Discovery Service, which aids in your understanding of your IT environment. You can access technical details and performance data about the found resources in Migration Hub once the repository has been loaded. You can evaluate and import server groups as a "application" after exporting data from the Application Discovery Service repository. Once aggregated, the migration status from each migration tool used to move the application's servers and databases is combined using the application grouping.


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Ques. 4): Using AWS Migration Hub, which Regions am I able to migrate to?

Answer:

If your migration tools are accessible in that Region, AWS Migration Hub can help you monitor the progress of your migrations across all AWS Regions. The migration status is sent to your chosen Migration Hub home Region by the migration tools that connect with Migration Hub, such as AWS Application Migration Service and AWS Database Migration Service. Your discovery and migration tracking data are stored in the home Region, which is specified before you use the service for the first time. The home Region can see the aggregated migration status from all destination Regions. You should be aware that integrated tools won't communicate status until you've authorised (connected) them on the Tools tab of the Migration Hub interface.


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Ques. 5): How may AWS Migration Hub aid in my comprehension of my IT environment?

Answer:

AWS Migration Hub enables you to examine data gathered by AWS discovery tools and kept in the AWS Application Discovery Service repository, which aids in your understanding of your IT environment. Once the repository has been filled, you may use Migration Hub to access technical details and performance data about the resources that have been found, analyse it, see and tag server and application dependencies, and organise servers into apps. Additionally, you can import groupings and export data as a "application." Once aggregated, the migration status from each migration tool used to move the application's servers and databases is combined using the application grouping.


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Ques. 6): What is an application view?

Answer:

The list of applications and their current migration status can be found on the Applications page in the Migrate section of the AWS Migration Hub console. On the Apps page, only resources that have been assigned to applications using the Servers page of the Discover section or the AWS SDK/CLI will be shown. Migration statuses for applications can be "not started," "in process," or "Completed."

 

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Ques. 7): Not all of the fields in the import template have data in them. Can I import my info now?

Answer:

Yes. Even if not all of the fields in the import template have data filled in, you can still import data. If you enter your own unique key ("ExternalId") for each row, import will utilise it to categorically identify and import the entries. The values entered for "IPAddress," "HostName," "MACAddress," or a combination of "VMware.MoRefId" and "VMware.vCenterId" will be used by import to determine the uniqueness of a specific server for each row if you don't supply the matching key. No rows will be imported if any of the aforementioned fields, or the matching key ("ExternalId"), are missing a value.


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Ques. 8): Are suggestions for Burstable Performance Instances provided by the EC2 instance recommendations feature?

Answer:

Yes. Burstable Performance Instances are recommended by the EC2 instance recommendations function. In order to more properly compare the anticipated price with other instance families, it computes an expected number of spent CPU credits and associated cost using "average" and "peak" CPU data points.


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Ques. 9): What happens if I don't do an accurate resource transfer from on-premises to AWS using a rigorous re-host migration?

Answer:

If the resource is grouped in an application, AWS Migration Hub will display the progress of resource migrations carried out with supported tools. It is not necessary to migrate to a new host strictly. If the server responsible for the database migration is grouped in an application, for example, you will see updates in Migration Hub when moving a database's contents using AWS Database Migration Service.

 

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Ques. 10): What modernization and migration possibilities are supported by the strategy recommendations?

Answer:

For applications running on Windows Server 2003 or later or a wide range of Linux distributions, including Ubuntu, RedHat, Oracle Linux, Debian, and Fedora, Strategy Recommendations supports analysis for potential rehost (EC2) and replatform (managed environments such as RDS and Elastic BeanStalk, Containers, and OS upgrades) options. Additional refactor analysis is provided by Strategy Recommendations for licenced databases, C#, and Java custom applications (such as Microsoft SQL Server and Oracle).

 

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Ques. 11): Why should I use Refactor Spaces?

Answer:

Setting up an infrastructure for application remodelling and managing evolving applications at scale are two major practical issues when altering applications, which Refactor Spaces addresses. Refactor Spaces enables alternative approaches for design and technology, team alignment, and process across the pieces while assisting you in combining existing apps and microservices into a unified solution. You can extend legacy apps with microservices that function on any AWS compute target by using Refactor Spaces (such as EC2, Amazon Elastic Container Service, Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service, AWS Fargate, and AWS Lambda). By setting up a foundation for application refactoring in a matter of minutes, Refactor Spaces offers significant time savings.

 

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Ques. 12): Is it possible to use my VPC to secretly access AWS Migration Hub Refactor Spaces APIs without exposing my public IP address?

Answer:

Yes, by setting up VPC Endpoints in your VPC (made using Amazon Virtual Private Cloud), you can discreetly use Refactor Spaces APIs. VPC Endpoints eliminate the requirement for an internet gateway, NAT gateway, or virtual private network (VPN) connection by allowing the routing between the VPC and Refactor Spaces to be handled by the AWS network. AWS PrivateLink, a technology that enables private connectivity between AWS services utilising Elastic Network Interfaces (ENIs) with private IP addresses in your VPCs, powers the most recent iteration of VPC Endpoints utilised by Refactor Spaces.

 

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Ques. 13): What advantages does using AWS Migration Orchestrator offer?

Answer:

You may speed up migrations, make the migration procedure simpler, and modify the migration tools and procedure to fit your use cases with the aid of Orchestrator.

Increase migration speed: Utilizing tried-and-true predefined workflow templates based on thousands of apps with comparable patterns that AWS has migrated, you may speed up the transfer of your applications.

Automate to simplify: To reduce manual work, automate pre-migration procedures, migration workflows, and migration tasks using a variety of technologies, including the AWS Application Discovery Service, AWS Application Migration Service, and AWS Launch Wizard.

Adapt and streamline: Reuse workflow templates by altering the stages and dependencies on top of the baseline guidelines to meet the demands of different workloads and use cases.

 

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Ques. 14): What does an Orchestrator process template represent?

Answer:

A process template is a playbook that includes a recommended list of migration tasks, dependencies, appropriate migration tools, and automation opportunities. The predefined workflow template, for instance, contains step-by-step tasks for automated validation of connectivity between source servers and plugins, the ability to provision a new SAP environment using AWS Launch Wizard, automated validation of source and target environments, automated migration of the HANA database and applications, and post-migration validation.

 

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Ques. 15): How can I track the development of my application migrations using AWS Migration Hub?

Answer:

You are helped by AWS Move Hub's visibility into the status of your migration. After using one of the built-in migration tools, you go back to the hub to check on the progress of your migration. Once the migration has begun, you can arrange servers into apps, or you can find and group your servers beforehand.

 

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Ques. 16): What is the home region of the Migration Hub?

Answer:

You must choose a Migration Hub home Region through the Migration Hub Settings page or by using the Migration Hub Config API before using the majority of Migration Hub's functionalities (excluding Refactor Spaces).

The information kept in the Migration Hub's home region serves as a single repository for your whole portfolio's discovery and migration planning data as well as a single view of migrations into other AWS Regions. You can migrate to any Region that is supported by your migration tools, and the migration status will be visible in the home Region you have chosen for the Migration Hub. For additional information about the home region of the Migration Hub, consult the paperwork.

 

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Ques. 17): What predefined workflow templates is Orchestrator offering?

Answer:

There are four predefined workflow templates supported by Orchestrator right now. Utilizing the AWS Launch Wizard and HANA System Replication, the first template aids with the migration of SAP NetWeaver-based applications with HANA databases. The second template facilitates quick application rehosting utilising AWS Application Migration Service (MGN). The third and fourth templates enable you to migrate your SQL Server databases to Amazon RDS and to Amazon EC2 utilising native backup and restore, respectively. All of these templates provide the possibility to add new stages and automation scripts as well as predefined automation of tasks.

 

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Ques. 18): In AWS Migration Hub, how do I examine my IT portfolio?

Answer:

You must first execute discovery using an AWS discovery tool or migrate with an integrated migration tool before you can examine your IT assets in AWS Migration Hub. Following that, you can explore your surroundings inside Migration Hub. By clicking on the server ID displayed on the Servers page of the Migration Hub dashboard, you may get further information about any resource you find. The server details page appears next. You will view gathered information, such as technical details and average utilisation, if you utilised an AWS discovery tool to find your servers.

 

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Ques. 19): What does the feature that recommends EC2 instances do?

Answer:

AWS Migration Hub's EC2 instance suggestions tool examines the information gathered from each on-premises server, such as server specifications, CPU and memory usage, to suggest the least priced EC2 instance necessary to perform the on-premises workload. By indicating preferences for an AWS purchase option, an AWS region, EC2 instance type exclusions, and a CPU/RAM utilisation statistic, you can further fine-tune recommendations (average, peak, or percentile).

 

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Ques. 20): What happens if I have discovery information for a single server in AWS Migration Hub from various sources? What data source is used to determine the recommended EC2 instance for that server?

Answer:

The EC2 instance suggestions functionality will use the most recent and full data to present an instance recommendation if discovery data is available from several sources for the same server. A recommendation will be produced, for instance, if you upload the CPU/RAM specifications for a specific server utilising Migration Hub import. The server specification information will also be recorded by the ADS agent if you subsequently install the AWS Application Discovery Service (ADS) Discovery Agent on this server. The ADS agent-collected requirements will be used to construct the suggestion the next time you ask for EC2 instance recommendations for that server because the agent's data is more up-to-date and comprehensive.

 

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AWS ElastiCache Interview Questions and Answers

AWS ECR Interview Questions and Answers

AWS DocumentDB Interview Questions and Answers

AWS EC2 Auto Scaling Interview Questions and Answers

AWS Compute Optimizer Interview Questions and Answers

AWS CodeStar Interview Questions and Answers

AWS CloudShell Interview Questions and Answers

AWS Batch Interview Questions and Answers

AWS App2Container Questions and Answers

AWS App Runner Questions and Answers

AWS Timestream Interview Questions and Answers

AWS PinPoint Questions and Answers

AWS Neptune Interview Questions and Answers

AWS MemoryDB Questions and Answers

AWS CodeGuru Interview Questions and Answers

AWS Braket Interview Questions and Answers

AWS RDS Interview Questions and Answers

AWS WorkSpaces Interview Questions and Answers

AWS SAR Interview Questions and Answers

AWS Corretto Interview Questions and Answers

AWS SES Interview Questions and Answers

AWS Migration Evaluator Interview Questions and Answers

AWS Application Migration Service(MGN) Interview Questions and Answers