Showing posts with label questions. Show all posts
Showing posts with label questions. Show all posts

November 14, 2022

Top 20 AWS Lightsail Questions and Answers

 

 

For developers, small enterprises, students, and other customers that want a solution to create and run their applications in the cloud, Amazon Lightsail is a virtual private server (VPS) provider and the simplest method to get started with AWS. Developers may install and manage websites and web applications in the cloud using Lightsail's computing, storage, and networking capability. For a cheap, dependable monthly cost, Lightsail offers everything you need to swiftly begin your project, such as virtual machines, containers, databases, CDN, load balancers, DNS management, etc.

 

AWS(Amazon Web Services) Interview Questions and Answers

AWS Cloud Interview Questions and Answers

 

Ques. 1): How effective are Lightsail instances?

Answer:

AWS particularly designed Lightsail instances for usage with web servers, developer environments, and tiny databases. Such tasks occasionally require a performance burst but do not frequently or routinely demand the entire CPU. Burstable performance instances, which Lightsail employs, offer a basic amount of CPU performance with the option to burst over it. This approach protects you from the inconsistent performance or other frequent negative effects that you may normally see from over-subscription in other situations while enabling you to obtain the performance you need, when you need it.

Use Amazon EC2 if you want highly customizable settings and instances with consistently good CPU performance for applications like video transcoding or HPC workloads.

 

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Ques. 2): How do DNS records work?

Answer:

DNS is a widely used service that converts domain names like www.example.com into the numerical IP addresses used by computers to communicate to one another, such as 192.0.2.1. You may quickly link the public IPs of your Lightsail instances to your registered domain names, such as photos.example.com. In this way, Lightsail automatically converts human readable names like example.com that people put into their browsers into the IP of the instance you wish to send them to. These translations are all referred to as DNS queries.

It's crucial to understand that you must register a domain in Lightsail before using it. You can register new domains using Amazon Route 53, or your preferred DNS registrar.


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Ques. 3): What can I do in Lightsail using tags?

Answer:

With tags, you can categorise and filter your resources in the Lightsail interface and API, keep track of and arrange your charges in your bill, and set access management rules to control who may see or alter your resources. With the use of tags, you can:

Organize - View and manage resources based on the tags you've given them using the Lightsail interface and API filters. This is helpful if you have a lot of resources of the same type since you can easily recognise a particular resource based on the tags you've given it.

Cost-allocate - By identifying your resources and setting "cost allocation tags" in the billing interface, you may track and distribute expenses across various projects or users. You may, for instance, break out your bill and analyse your expenditures by client or project.

Using AWS Identity and Access Management rules, you can manage access and limit who may create, update, and remove Lightsail resources. You can work more effectively with people on projects without having to grant them complete access to your Lightsail resources thanks to this.


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Ques. 4): A Lightsail instance is what?

Answer:

A Lightsail instance is an AWS Cloud-based virtual private server (VPS). Utilize your Lightsail instances to run code, store data, and create webpages or web apps. Both public (Internet) and private (VPC) networking options are available for your instances to use when connecting to one another and to other AWS services. From the Lightsail console, you can simply create, manage, and connect to instances.


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Ques. 5): What are photographs?

Answer:

Point-in-time backups of instances, databases, or block storage devices are known as snapshots. You may take a snapshot of your resources at any moment, or you can instruct Lightsail to take snapshots for you by turning on automatic snapshots for instances and discs. Snapshots can be used as starting points for building new resources or when backing up data. All the information required to recover your resource is in a snapshot (from the moment when the snapshot was taken). The rebuilt resource starts out as an identical clone of the old resource that was used to construct the snapshot when you restore a resource by building it from a snapshot.

You can manually take snapshots of your Lightsail instances, disks, and databases, or you can use automatic snapshots to instruct Lightsail to take daily snapshots of your instances and disks automatically.


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Ques. 6): Where can I find a Lightsail instance?

Answer:

With SSH access for Linux/Unix-based instances and RDP access for Windows-based instances, Lightsail provides a 1-click secure connection to your instance's terminal straight from your browser. Launch your instance control panels, select Connect using SSH or Connect using RDP, and a new browser window will open with your instance already connected. This is known as 1-click connections.

Lightsail will handle the saving and administration of your SSH keys for you and give you a safe key to use in your SSH client if you wish to connect to your Linux/Unix-based instance using your own client.

 

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Ques. 7): A Lightsail instance plan: what is it?

Answer:

A Lightsail package, also known as a bundle, contains an SSD-based virtual private server, SSD-based storage, and a data transfer allowance. The virtual private server has a defined quantity of RAM and vCPUs. Additionally, the Lightsail plans provide DNS control and five static IP addresses per account (3 domain zones per account). Plans with Lightsail are only paid for when you use them because they are hourly, on-demand fees.


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Ques. 8): What are the maintained databases at Lightsail?

Answer:

The managed databases offered by Lightsail are instances that are solely used to operate databases rather than other workloads like web servers, mail servers, etc. The same tools and programmes you use to access a stand-alone database may also be used to access a Lightsail database, which can contain many user-created databases. Lightsail keeps your database's operating system and underlying infrastructure safe and secure so that you may administer a database without having a strong background in infrastructure management. Lightsail databases have a defined amount of memory, processing power, and SSD-based storage that you can scale up over time, much like standard Lightsail instances. Your selected database will be installed and configured for you by Lightsail immediately after it is created.


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Ques. 9): What can I do with the block storage in Lightsail?

Answer:

Similar to an individual hard drive, Lightsail block storage offers extra storage volumes (referred to as "connected discs" in Lightsail) that you may attach to your Lightsail instance. Applications and software that need to split off specialised data from their core services can benefit from attached discs. They can also be used to preserve application data in the event that your instance and system disc experience a failure or other problem. Applications or software that often access their stored data might benefit from the constant performance and reduced latency provided by attached drives.

Solid-state discs are used in Lightsail block storage (SSD). This kind of block storage aims to handle the great majority of Lightsail workloads by balancing affordability and performance. Adopt EC2 with GP2 or Provisioned IOPS SSD storage in place of Lightsail for clients whose applications need consistent IOPS performance, high throughput per disc, or are running sizable databases like MongoDB, Cassandra, etc.

 

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Ques. 10): What distinguishes halting from deleting my instance?

Answer:

Your instance is shut down when you stop it, but it is still switched on and ready for you to restart it whenever you choose. It is advised to use static IPs for instances that must maintain the same IP after they cease since stopping your instance would relinquish its public IP.

Your instance will be deleted, which is a detrimental operation. Your instance data will all be lost and unrecoverable unless you have taken an instance snapshot. Both the instance's public and private IP addresses will be made public. If you were utilising a static IP with that instance, it stays in your account but is detachable.


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Ques. 11):  What aspects of my managed database does Lightsail handle for me?

Answer:

Your database's core architecture and a variety of maintenance tasks are managed by Lightsail. To assist prevent data loss or component failure, Lightsail automatically backs up your database and offers point-in-time recovery using the database restore tool for the last seven days. Additionally, Lightsail automatically encrypts your data while it is in transit and at rest for improved protection. It also saves your database password for quick and safe database connections. On the maintenance front, Lightsail performs database maintenance within the designated maintenance time. The administration of the operating system and underlying infrastructure, as well as automated updates to the most recent minor database version, are all included in this maintenance.

 

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Ques. 12):  In Lightsail, how do I utilise IPs?

Answer:

An automated private IP address and a public IP address are assigned to each Lightsail instance. The private IP can be used to send data secretly and without cost between Lightsail instances and AWS services. You may connect to your instance from the Internet using the public IP, for example, by using a registered domain name or an SSH or RDP connection from a local computer. The public IP may be replaced with a static IP address by adding a static IP to the instance, which will remain the same even if you stop and restart the instance.


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Ques. 13):  Does Amazon Lightsail offer alerting and monitoring capabilities?

Answer:

Yes. You may get statistics on a variety of resources, such as databases, load balancers, and instances, using Amazon Lightsail. You can set up a maximum of two alert thresholds for each statistic for every given resource. If the alert threshold is crossed, you will be notified via the Lightsail console and, if you so desire, you will also receive an email and/or SMS. The warning and monitoring functionality of Lightsail is free; however, your cell carrier may impose SMS message fees.


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Ques. 14):  What is Lightsail good for?

Answer:

You may select from a number of preconfigured VPS plans that come with everything you want for simple application deployment and management. Lightsail is best suited for customers that want a straightforward administration interface and projects that call for a few virtual private servers. Running websites, web apps, blogs, e-commerce sites, basic software, and more are examples of common use cases for Lightsail.

 

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Ques. 15):  When I remove my managed database, what happens to my data?

Answer:

Your database itself and its automated backups will be destroyed if you delete your managed database. This information cannot be recovered unless you manually snapshot your database before deleting it. Lightsail offers a one-click option to take a manual snapshot during the deletion of your database, if requested, to assist prevent unintentional data loss. Although it is optional, manually taking a picture before deletion is strongly advised. When you no longer require the recorded data, you can erase your manual snapshot.

 

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Ques. 16):  How can I use the distributions from the Lightsail CDN?

Answer:

By storing and providing the material on Amazon's worldwide delivery network, which is powered by Amazon CloudFront, Lightsail content delivery network (CDN) distributions make it simple for you to expedite the delivery of content housed on your Lightsail resources. By offering quick SSL certificate generation and hosting, distributions also assist you in making your website HTTPS-compatible. Distributions can also assist your website endure significant traffic surges and lessen the strain on your Lightsail resources. Like all of Lightsail's capabilities, setup only requires a few clicks, and the cost is a straightforward monthly fee.

 

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Ques. 17):  What settings do I need to make so that my apex domain points to my Lightsail distribution?

Answer:

You must make an ALIAS record in your domain's domain name system (DNS) that translates your apex domain to your distribution's default domain in order to direct your apex domain to your CDN distribution. If your DNS hosting provider does not allow ALIAS records, you may easily arrange your apex domain to refer to the domain of your distribution by using Lightsail DNS zones.

 

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Ques. 18):  What can I do with the container services from Lightsail?

Answer:

Running containerized apps in the cloud is made simple by Lightsail container services. Simple web apps and multi-tiered micro services are both capable of running on a container service. You just need to supply the container image, scalability (number of nodes), and power (CPU, RAM) needed for your container service. Without you needing to handle any underlying infrastructure, Lightsail manages the container service. You will be given a load-balanced TLS endpoint by Lightsail to access the application that is being used by the container service.

 

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Ques. 19):  What kind of usage does Lightsail CDN encourage?

Answer:

Amazon To make the cost of utilising the service straightforward and predictable, Lightsail CDN distributions are built using fixed-priced bundles of data transport. A month's worth of consumption is covered by a distribution package. Distribution bundles may not be used for purposes other than those for which they were designed, such as repeatedly upgrading or downgrading bundles or employing an abnormally high volume of distributions from a single origin. Workloads that need a lot of requests per second or a lot of streaming video are also not allowed. Your data services or account may be throttled or suspended if you engage in these actions.

 

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Ques. 20):  What's the difference between removing my container service and halting it?

Answer:

Your container nodes are in a disabled state when you disable your container service, and the public endpoint of the service returns an HTTP status code of '503'. The service returns to the most recent active deployment when it is enabled. Configurations for power and scalability are also kept. Following re-enabling, the public endpoint's name remains unchanged. Container images and deployment history are kept.

You are acting destructively when you remove your container service. All of the service's container nodes will be permanently destroyed. Additionally, your service's container images, deployment history, logs, and HTTPS public endpoint address will all be permanently erased. It is impossible for you to get the endpoint address back.


 

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November 05, 2022

Top 20 AWS Message Queue(MQ) Interview Questions and Answers


                It is simple to set up and run message brokers in the cloud using Amazon MQ, a managed message broker service for Apache ActiveMQ and RabbitMQ. You have direct access to messaging APIs and standards including JMS, NMS, AMQP 1.0 and 0.9.1, STOMP, MQTT, and WebSocket as well as the ActiveMQ and RabbitMQ consoles. Since you don't need to change any messaging code in your apps, switching from any message broker that complies with these standards to Amazon MQ is simple.


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Ques: 1). What is handled on my behalf by Amazon MQ?

Answer:

From supplying the infrastructure capacity you require, including broker instances and storage, to installing the broker software, Amazon MQ handles the labour involved in setting up a message broker. After your broker is operational, Amazon takes care of continuing software updates, security patches, and issue finding and repair. For message durability, Amazon MQ stores messages redundantly across many Availability Zones (AZs). With active/backup brokers, in the case of a failure, Amazon MQ immediately switches to a standby instance so you can keep sending and receiving messages.


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Ques: 2). How can I start using Amazon MQ?

Answer:

Cloud message brokers are simple to set up and run thanks to Amazon MQ. With Amazon MQ, you can quickly establish a production-ready message broker using the AWS Management Console, CLI, or API calls. To connect to your current apps and begin delivering messages, you can often connect by just updating the endpoints of your Amazon MQ broker.


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Ques: 3). How do I migrate if I'm not using ActiveMQ or RabbitMQ as my message broker?

Answer:

The most popular messaging protocols and APIs, including AMQP, STOMP, MQTT, and WebSocket, are all compatible with Amazon MQ. These include Java Message Service (JMS),.NET Message Service (NMS), and Java Message Service (JMS). Since your applications' messaging code doesn't need to be completely rewritten, switching from any standards-based message broker to Amazon MQ is made simple. In most situations, you may start delivering messages by simply updating the endpoints of your Amazon MQ broker to connect to your current apps.


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Ques: 4). As opposed to Amazon SQS and SNS, when should I utilise Amazon MQ?

Answer:

Messaging services like Amazon MQ, Amazon SQS, and Amazon SNS are appropriate for businesses of all sizes. Consider Amazon MQ if you want to rapidly and simply migrate your messaging to the cloud while still utilising it with your current apps. You may transition from any standards-based message broker to Amazon MQ without having to completely rewrite the messaging code in your apps since it supports industry-standard APIs and protocols. You are advised to take Amazon SQS and Amazon SNS into account while developing brand-new cloud-based apps. Amazon SQS and SNS are lightweight, fully managed message queue and topic services that offer straightforward, user-friendly APIs and almost indefinite scalability. You can use Amazon SQS and SNS to decouple and scale microservices, distributed systems, and serverless applications, and improve reliability.


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Ques: 5). How can I encrypt data in Amazon MQ using my own unique keys?

Answer:

To produce and manage keys for the at-rest encryption of your data in Amazon MQ, the AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) is supported by Amazon MQ. A KMS key in the Amazon MQ service account, a KMS key in your account that Amazon MQ produces and manages, or a KMS key in your account that you create and manage are the three choices from which you may choose when creating a broker to encrypt your data for Amazon MQ for ActiveMQ. A KMS key in the Amazon MQ service account is utilised for Amazon MQ for RabbitMQ. In addition to encryption at rest, all data transferred between Amazon MQ and client applications is securely transmitted using TLS/SSL.


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Ques: 6). Which kinds of storage are offered by Amazon MQ for ActiveMQ?

Answer:

Amazon MQ for ActiveMQ offers two broker storage options: Amazon Elastic File System (Amazon EFS) for durability optimization and Amazon Elastic Block Store for performance optimization (EBS). Use Amazon EFS-backed durability-optimized brokers to benefit from excellent durability and replication across different Availability Zones. Use EBS-backed throughput optimised brokers to benefit from high throughput for your big volume applications. High-volume applications utilising Amazon MQ require fewer brokers and cost less to operate thanks to throughput-optimized message brokers.


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Ques: 7). An Amazon MQ network of brokers is what?

Answer:

The "network of brokers" function from Apache ActiveMQ is used by Amazon MQ for ActiveMQ. Multiple brokers joined together form a network of brokers. Network brokers exchange data on the customers and destinations that each broker hosts. These details are used by the brokers to move messages throughout the network. The brokers in an Amazon MQ network can either be single-instance brokers or active-standby brokers (each active broker in the network includes a standby node with shared storage that will take over in the event of an active node failure) (if the node fails, it will be unavailable until it is restarted). Each network broker has a distinct message store that is replicated across many AZs in a region. A single broker is always in charge of storing communications since nodes in the network pass messages to one another.

If you need horizontal scaling or high availability with quick reconnections in the event of broker failure, you should employ a network of brokers.


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Ques: 8). Who need to utilise Amazon MQ?

Answer:

For enterprise IT professionals, developers, and architects who are currently in charge of operating a message broker on-premises or in the cloud and wish to switch to a fully managed cloud service without having to rewrite the messaging code in their applications, Amazon MQ is a good option.


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Ques: 9). Does Amazon MQ adhere to regulations?

Answer:

Yes. Amazon MQ complies with PCI, SOC, and ISO requirements and is HIPAA-eligible.

You may use Amazon MQ to store and transport communications across healthcare systems, including messages containing protected health information, because it is HIPAA qualified (PHI). Because Amazon MQ complies with PCI DSS, you can process, store, or send payment information with it. Also accredited to ISO 9001, 27001, 27017, and 27018 standards are Amazon MQ. The protection of personally identifiable information and management of quality and information security in the cloud are attested to by some of the most well-known certifications in the world. Amazon MQ is SOC 1, 2, and 3 compliant, allowing you to get deep insight into the security processes and controls that protect customer data.


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Ques: 10). How do I keep track of the queues, topics, and broker instances?

Answer:

You can observe and analyse metrics for your broker instances, as well as your queues and topics, thanks to the integration between Amazon MQ and Amazon CloudWatch. Metrics may be viewed and analysed using the CloudWatch dashboard, the command line, the Amazon MQ console, or programmatically. Every minute, metrics are automatically gathered and published to CloudWatch.


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Ques: 11). When would I choose to manage ActiveMQ or RabbitMQ on Amazon EC2 myself vs using Amazon MQ?

Answer:

A managed message broker service is offered by Amazon MQ that handles all aspects of running your message broker, including installation, configuration, upkeep, and provisioning of the underlying infrastructure for high availability and durability. When you wish to offload operational overhead and related costs, you might want to think using Amazon MQ. Consider building and operating your message broker on Amazon EC2 directly if you want more power to tweak features and setups or to utilise unique plugins.


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Ques: 12). When should I use AWS IoT Message Broker instead of Amazon MQ?

Answer:

When using an open source messaging programme like ActiveMQ or other commercial message brokers, you may utilise Amazon MQ to offload operational overhead and related costs. When switching from for-profit brokers or open source brokers like ActiveMQ, you may utilise Amazon MQ to lower broker maintenance expenses, increase broker stability, and save on licence fees. In scenarios when you're creating new cloud-based applications employing microservices and need low latency, high availability, and message durability, Amazon MQ is also appropriate for application integration use cases. Industry-standard APIs like JMS and NMS as well as message protocols including AMQP, STOMP, MQTT, and WebSocket are supported by Amazon MQ.

When your use case involves IoT device telemetry, device management, device security, and IoT analysis, you can utilise AWS IoT Message Broker. For IoT sector clients connecting sizable device fleets and gathering telemetry data to transfer to native AWS services, the AWS IoT Message Broker is ideal. Industry-standard lightweight protocols including MQTT, HTTP, and MQTT over WebSocket are supported by AWS IoT Message Broker.

 

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Ques: 13). How do the various AWS services interact with Amazon MQ?

Answer:

Amazon MQ may be used by any application that utilises an AWS computing service, such as Amazon EC2, Amazon ECS, or AWS Lambda. Additionally connected to the following AWS services are Amazon MQ:

  • Monitoring metrics and generating alarms using Amazon CloudWatch
  • Publish logs from your Amazon MQ brokers to Amazon CloudWatch Logs using Amazon CloudWatch Logs.
  • AWS CloudTrail allows users to record, continuously track, and save Amazon MQ API calls.
  • Automate the process of constructing, updating, and deleting message brokers using AWS CloudFormation.
  • Service API authentication and authorisation using AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM)
  • Create and manage the keys required to encrypt your data using the AWS Key Management Service (KMS).


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Ques: 14). : Is there a service level agreement for Amazon MQ?

Answer:

Yes. During any monthly billing cycle, AWS shall make commercially reasonable efforts to ensure that Active/Standby ActiveMQ Brokers and RabbitMQ Clusters are available with a Monthly Uptime Percentage of at least 99.9%. (the "Service Commitment"). You may be entitled to a Service Credit if Amazon MQ fails to achieve the Monthly Uptime Percentage guarantee.

 

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Ques: 15). How is Amazon MQ billed to me?

Answer:

You just pay for what you use while using Amazon MQ. Standard data transport fees as well as fees for the use of the broker instance and storage are assessed. Our free tier for a year makes it simple to start with Amazon MQ.

 

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Ques: 16). What RabbitMQ plugins are offered for Amazon MQ?

Answer:

The management, shovel, federation, and consistent hash exchange plugins are all included in Amazon MQ for RabbitMQ.



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Amazon Managed Blockchain Questions and Answers




November 04, 2022

Top 20 Amazon Managed Blockchain Questions and Answers

  

With the help of popular open-source frameworks, you can create and administer scalable private networks with Amazon Managed Blockchain, a fully managed service that lets you join public networks. The overhead involved in setting up a network or joining one already exists, and Amazon Managed Blockchain automatically expands to meet the needs of thousands of apps processing millions of transactions. Managed Blockchain makes it simple to administer and maintain your blockchain network once it is up and running. It keeps track of your certificates and makes it simple to welcome new users to the network.

 

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Ques: 1). How is Amazon Managed Blockchain accessed?

Answer:

The AWS Management Console, AWS Command Line Interface (CLI), and AWS Software Development Kit all provide access to Amazon Managed Blockchain (SDK).

Use the open source Hyperledger Fabric CLI and SDK to communicate with the Hyperledger Fabric components provided and managed by Amazon Managed Blockchain, such as the ordering service, certificate authority, and peer nodes. You construct a VPC PrivateLink endpoint for your network to access the endpoints that Amazon Managed Blockchain offers for accessing these services. The version of Hyperledger Fabric stated in your network must be used along with a compatible version of the CLI and SDK for Hyperledger Fabric.

Your client utilises a WebSocket or HTTP connection to a peer node endpoint in Managed Blockchain to communicate with Ethereum smart contracts. Only your AWS Account has access to your node endpoint. The client communicates with your node on the Ethereum network using normal JSON-RPC API techniques to query and send transactions.


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Ques: 2). What is Amazon Managed Blockchain capable of?

Answer:

Using the open-source frameworks Hyperledger Fabric and Ethereum, you can quickly join public networks or build private networks spanning several AWS accounts using Amazon Managed Blockchain. These blockchain systems let network users safely exchange money and data on a decentralised, unchangeable record. Additionally, you may set up your network's voting procedures so that users can democratically run it (i.e., voting on who to invite to join).


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Ques: 3). A blockchain network is what?

Answer:

A trusted central authority is not required to ensure that transactions are secure and validated thanks to the blockchain technology, which enables the development of apps where numerous parties can record transactions.

This is made possible by blockchain because it creates a peer-to-peer network (also known as a blockchain network) where each user has access to a shared ledger where the transactions are recorded. By design, these transactions are immutable and subject to independent verification.


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Ques: 4). I want to join the blockchain network, how can I invite other AWS accounts?

Answer:

You can submit a request to the present users of the blockchain network asking them to approve inviting a different AWS account to join. The other AWS account will be invited to join the network if the proposal is accepted based on the network's voting regulations.


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Ques: 5). How can I connect with my Amazon Managed Blockchain resources using the open source Hyperledger Fabric CLI or SDK running on a client node?

Answer:

You may use the free Hyperledger Fabric CLI or SDK to setup them and communicate with the peer nodes, ordering service, and certificate authority (CA) that were generated for your network using Hyperledger Fabric. By leveraging a VPC PrivateLink endpoint that you construct in your VPC, Amazon Managed Blockchain makes the endpoints for these components accessible. To access this VPC PrivateLink endpoint, the Amazon EC2 instance or other resource using the Hyperledger Fabric CLI or SDK needs a route.


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Ques: 6). How do I get started with Amazon Managed Blockchain?

Answer:

To get started with Amazon Managed Blockchain, go to the AWS Management Console and click on Amazon Managed Blockchain. Click on "Create a network" or “Join a network”. Follow the network creation wizard to create your first network and member, and then invite other AWS accounts to join. Alternatively, follow the join network wizard to join a public network, and then provision nodes to interact with the network.


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Ques: 7). Owns that resource the account that builds an Amazon Managed Blockchain network?

Answer:

An Amazon Managed Blockchain network is a decentralised resource in which various AWS accounts have equal ownership stakes in accordance with the voting guidelines established at the network's inception. The Approval Threshold Policy type allows for the distribution of governance across several members when they join the network, even though an original AWS account builds it. The network will continue to function among the surviving members even if the original member exits.


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Ques: 8). What elements make up Hyperledger Fabric?

Answer:

An Amazon Managed Blockchain for Hyperledger Fabric builds and maintains the necessary network components on your behalf. The ordering service, certificate authority, and peer components all come together to form a Hyperledger Fabric network.

You utilise an open source Hyperledger Fabric CLI or SDK from a client host that you construct and administer to communicate with these components.


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Ques: 9). How do I limit who may access the resources I have on Amazon Managed Blockchain?

Answer:

In order to identify users in each membership and assess their network rights, Hyperledger Fabric on Managed Blockchain requires certificates. With the help of the Hyperledger Fabric certificate authority, you may create and manage these users. JSON-RPC requests to Ethereum nodes on the Managed Blockchain are verified using Signature Version 4 (SV4).


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Ques: 10). What rights does the administrator user have when adding a network member?

Answer:

The first user in your Hyperledger Fabric membership is the admin account that you set when creating your network member. The username and password may be used to add other users to your membership and register this user with your Hyperledger Fabric certificate authority. Additionally, the admin user has the ability to install and run chaincode programmes as well as construct channels on the network.


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Ques: 11). What distinguishes Amazon Quantum Ledger Database (QLDB) from Amazon Managed Blockchain?

Answer:

A ledger database called QLDB was created specifically for clients that needed to keep a comprehensive and verifiable history of data changes in an application that they owned and centrally managed. Not a blockchain technology, Amazon QLDB. Instead, blockchain technologies concentrate on making it possible for several parties to do business and transfer data safely in a decentralised manner, without the need for a reliable centralised authority. A network's members can make and endorse transactions, and each member owns an independently verified copy of an immutable ledger. Amazon Managed Blockchain is a fully managed blockchain service that enables multiple parties to transact and share data directly and securely without the need for a central, trusted authority.


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Ques: 12). How can I remove a network from Amazon Managed Blockchain?

Answer:

Once the final participant in a network deletes their membership, the network is terminated by Amazon Managed Blockchain. If you've formed a blockchain network with several members in your AWS account, the network will be terminated after all of the members have been removed. If you are a member of a blockchain network that contains memberships that you do not control, the network will only be eliminated when the final participant does so. If you remove a member from a network but there are still other members present, the network will continue. If a founding member departs a network, there will be adjustable ways to end it once Amazon Managed Blockchain is broadly accessible.

 

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Ques: 13). I want to boost the availability of my blockchain components, can I establish numerous peer nodes?

Answer:

For high availability, the Standard Edition allows you to build up to three blockchain peer nodes in each membership across different Amazon EC2 availability zones. For each membership in the Starter Edition, two peer nodes can be created. You may set up as many as 50 nodes per AWS account across different Amazon EC2 availability zones for Ethereum on Amazon Managed Blockchain.


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Ques: 14). : What open source blockchain frameworks is supported by Amazon Managed Blockchain?

Answer:

The open source Hyperledger Fabric and Ethereum frameworks are supported by Amazon Managed Blockchain.

 

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Ques: 15). What is the cost of Amazon Managed Blockchain?

Answer:

Amazon Managed Blockchain has no initial contract. You just pay an hourly fee (paid per second) for your network membership, peer node storage, and data you send to the network while using Hyperledger Fabric on Amazon Managed Blockchain. The Standard Edition and the Starter Edition are the two editions that Amazon Managed Blockchain offers, and each edition has a different hourly membership charge. You also pay regular data transmission charges. You will require a VPC PrivateLink endpoint that is separately paid in order to communicate with your Amazon Managed Blockchain services. With Amazon Managed Blockchain for Ethereum, you can build nodes and connect them to open Ethereum networks. You are charged for the node, node storage, and the number of Ethereum requests you make.

 

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Ques: 16). What distinguishes the Starter Edition and Standard Edition network types of Amazon Managed Blockchain?

Answer:

Starter Edition and Standard Edition are the two network types that Amazon Managed Blockchain offers. Each kind has a distinct hourly membership charge and is designed for a certain set of use scenarios.

For test networks and smaller production networks, there is a network called Amazon Managed Blockchain Starter Edition. In comparison to the Standard Edition, it features the following characteristics: A network can have up to 5 members and 2 peer nodes per member. The peer node kinds that are available are bc.t3.small and bc.t3.medium. The transaction throughput and availability of the ordering service are lower in a Starter Edition network than in a Standard Edition network.

The network for the Amazon Managed Blockchain Standard Edition is intended for use with production networks. It differs from the Starter Edition in a number of ways, including the ability to have 3 peer nodes and a limit of 14 users per network. Peer nodes can use the instance types from the bc.t3, bc.m5, and bc.c5 families. The transaction throughput and availability of the ordering service are better in a Standard Edition network than they are in a Starter Edition network.

 

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Ques: 17). Do my blockchain components experience any downtime for maintenance?

Answer:

Ethereum nodes are always online. When we deploy security updates, which we normally do monthly or as needed, Hyperledger Fabric peer nodes will be down for less than a minute. Your Personal Health Dashboard will let you know when maintenance is going to be performed. As only one peer per member will be patched at a time, you can construct numerous peers to reduce this downtime. It is often advised to have numerous peers for high availability.

 

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Ques: 18). In my Hyperledger Fabric network, how can I establish a channel?

Answer:

A Hyperledger Fabric channel is a secret "subnet" of communication between two or more specified network users, for the purpose of carrying out private and confidential transactions. Every transaction on the blockchain network takes place on a channel, where each person involved must be verified and given permission to do business.

Using the open source Hyperledger Fabric CLI or SDK and the APIs provided on your Hyperledger Fabric resources, you may add a new channel to your Amazon Managed Blockchain network. A genesis block for the channel ledger, which holds configuration data about the channel policies, members, and anchor peer nodes, is created when you call the configuration system chaincode.

 

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Ques: 19). How can I get access to the Hyperledger Fabric endpoints on the parts that Amazon Managed Blockchain manages?

Answer:

A VPC PrivateLink endpoint must be created in the VPC from which you wish to connect the network in order to access the endpoints on the Hyperledger Fabric components maintained by Amazon Managed Blockchain, such as the Hyperledger Fabric certificate authority, ordering service, and peer nodes. From the VPC panel, Amazon Managed Blockchain console, AWS CLI, or AWS SDK, you may build a VPC PrivateLink endpoint. Use the VPC Endpoint Service Name shown in the Amazon Managed Blockchain network specifications when building your endpoint. You just need to build one VPC PrivateLink endpoint, not one for each member, if you've created them all in the same AWS account. Additionally, in order to get support for suggested transactions, your client will be able to communicate with peer nodes from other network participants.

Please be aware that any VPC PrivateLink endpoints you establish or use will incur a separate fee.

 

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Ques: 20). How can I introduce apps written in chaincode into the Hyperledger Fabric network?

Answer:

Chaincode, often known as a "smart contract," is a software that generally manages business logic decided upon by network participants. Using the open source Hyperledger Fabric CLI or SDK and the APIs accessible on your Hyperledger Fabric resources, you may install and instantiate chaincode on the blockchain network. Additionally, these activities may only be carried out by admin users in your membership.

 

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