Showing posts with label elasticache. Show all posts
Showing posts with label elasticache. Show all posts

March 28, 2023

Top 20 AWS Application Migration Service (AWS MGN) Interview Questions and Answers

  

The main migration service advised for lift-and-shift migrations to Amazon is AWS Application Migration Service (AWS MGN). For upcoming migrations, customers who presently use Server Migration Service (SMS) are urged to transition to Application Migration Service.

Your transfer to the cloud is sped up and made simpler by Amazon Application Migration Service. You may instantly reap the rewards of moving applications to the cloud without making changes and with little to no downtime.

You can move your applications to AWS from physical infrastructure, VMware vSphere, Microsoft Hyper-V, Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (AmazonEC2), Amazon Virtual Private Cloud (Amazon VPC), and other clouds using the AWS Application Migration Service.

 

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Ques. 1): What key distinctions exist between Amazon Server Migration Service and AWS Application Migration Service?

Answer:

The Application Migration Service (MGN) offers minute-long cutover windows and continuous, block-level replication. The Server Migration Service (SMS) offers cutover windows of a few hours and gradual, snapshot-based replication.

The main service advised for moving your apps to AWS is Application Migration Service. You have until March 31, 2023, to use SMS APIs in the event that Application Migration Service is not offered in a certain AWS Region.

 

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Ques. 2): How long can my server volumes be replicated from my local environment to AWS?

Answer:

Your local servers can be replicated to Amazon for up to 90 days (per server). Use time is measured from the start of a server replication till the replication task is stopped. Your replication task will be automatically cancelled after 90 days. Please discuss your use case with the AWS Support team if you want to raise this restriction.

 

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Ques. 3): What are the main advantages of transferring on-premise Hyper-V VMs using AWS Server Migration Service?

Answer:

SMS enables users to greatly decrease human effort in migration by automating an incremental replication of live server volumes to the AWS cloud as AMIs. By letting users schedule replications and monitor the progress of a group of servers, SMS manages server migrations, easing the logistical strain of organising massive server migrations. Customers may test server migrations with ease thanks to incremental replication capability.


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Ques. 4): What does AWS Server Migration Service's multi-server migration entail?

Answer:

Applications can now more easily and affordably be moved from on-premises datacenters to Amazon EC2 thanks to the multi-server migration functionality provided by AWS Server Migration Service. Instead of moving each server separately, multi-server migration enables you to move whole application stacks. Applications can be divided into groups of servers, and you can replicate them all together and keep track of their migration progress. With an automatically created CloudFormation Template, you can easily run and configure the migrated application.


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Ques. 5): How can I use Server Migration Service's multi-server migration feature?

Answer:

The first step after importing the on-premises server catalogue into Server Migration Service via the SMS Connector is configuring an application using the CLI or APIs. There is no need to take any more step if you are already utilising Server Migration Service and have setup an SMS role using a managed policy. A new role is necessary for multi-server migration in order to use CloudFormation to launch instances.


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Ques. 6): What kind of consistency is offered by AWS Server Migration Service for snapshots?

Answer:

For the servers that are a part of an application group, AWS Server Migration Service generates crash consistent snapshots. All of the servers inside an application's framework are prompted to take these snapshots at roughly the same time. Moreover, you can use Volume Shadow Copy Service (VSS) to take application consistent snapshots on servers running Windows operating systems in VMware environments.

 

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Ques. 7): What does the AWS Server Migration Service produce?

Answer:

Each duplicated server disc is saved as a fresh Amazon Machine Image (AMI), which is then usable to start an EC2 instance (virtual machine) in the AWS cloud. Server Migration Service will launch the servers in a CloudFormation stack using an automatically created CloudFormation template if you are utilising application groups.


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Ques. 8): In my virtualization environment, is it safe to deploy the AWS Server Migration Service Connector?

Answer:

Absolutely, confidential data is not collected by the AWS Server Migration Service Connector; it simply obtains snapshots of server volumes and basic VM inventory data from VMware vCenter.


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Ques. 9): What System Center permissions are necessary to deploy SMS Connector and begin migration?

Answer:

With the SCVMM server, the SMS connection securely connects using the Windows remote management protocol (WinRM). A non-admin AD user must be added to the SCVMM host's "Remote Management Users" group, have restricted access to the CMIV2 and SCVMM WMI objects, and be a member of the "Delegated administrator" group in order to use the connector. To securely communicate remote commands from Connector deployed on a private network inside your datacenter, a firewall port must be opened on the SCVMM server. Also, the Hyper-V machine's VM data storage needs to provide the AD user read access. For additional security, customers may configure WinRM to allow only encrypted traffic over SSL using self-signed certificate and limit access to Connector IP/hostname alone. 

 

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Ques. 10): How does AWS Server Migration Service's multi-server support function?

Answer:

A replicated application can be launched from a landing zone that you designate, as well as from a group of on-premises servers that can include one or more subgroups. You can also set a replication frequency, offer configuration scripts, and group on-premises servers into an application. After all of the AMIs are available, the Server Migration Service will organise the migration of all the underlying servers that make up the application groups before creating a CloudFormation Template that can be started in the landing zone. Server Migration Service will setup the application in accordance with your selected configuration scripts after you start it using the automatically generated CloudFormation Template.

 

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Ques. 11): After I launch my application in the AWS cloud, how do I reconfigure it?

Answer:

For each server, you can specify a unique configuration script when defining an application. The service will execute the configuration script on your behalf when the server has been launched and transferred to the AWS cloud. For instance, instead of logging into each instance and manually updating it, you can use a configuration script to update database connection strings on your application servers.


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Ques. 12): The Amazon Server Migration Service Connector: What is it?

Answer:

It is a pre-configured FreeBSD virtual computer called the connector appliance (in OVA format). You must first install the Amazon Server Migration Service Connector virtual appliance on your on-premises VMware vCenter system before configuring AWS Server Migration Service.

 

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Ques. 13): Who can benefit from AWS Server Migration Service for Hyper-V?

Answer:

Hyper-V support in SMS is advantageous for any customer looking to move their Microsoft Hyper-V virtual machines managed by SCVMM or standalone Hyper-Vs to AWS. These may include business clients, System integrators, and IT consulting companies who assist business clients in moving their Hyper-V workloads to AWS.

 

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Ques. 14): AWS Server Migration Service is already something I use. How does having this talent help me?

Answer:

With multi-server migration, you can migrate all of your servers at once rather than having to create specialised tooling to manage the migrations of the many servers that make up your application. You may use a CloudFormation Template to launch all of the servers automatically, and you can keep it continuously updated with the most recent AMIs created for each replication run. Without requiring any new setup, you can begin using the multi-server migration.

 

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Ques. 15): Which operating systems are supported by AWS Server Migration Service?

Answer:

Windows Server 2003, 2008, 2012, and 2016 as well as Windows 7, 8, and 10 can be migrated using the AWS Server Migration Service. Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL), SUSE/SLES, CentOS, Ubuntu, Oracle Linux, Fedora, and Debian Linux are all supported.

 

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Ques. 16): What elements does the AWS Server Migration Service for moving Hyper-V virtual machines have?

Answer:

The SMS Connector, an on-premises appliance for SMS, communicates with the AWS service. The SMS service produces the AMI gradually from the transmitted volume after receiving volumes of active Hyper-V VMs from the Connector.

 

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Ques. 17): Can I use Amazon Server Migration Service to transfer the applications listed in AWS Application Discovery Service?

Answer:

Unfortunately, Server Migration Service does not support the application groupings created using AWS Application Discovery Service. For multi-server migration, support is being introduced for apps found or defined in the Application Discovery Service to be made immediately available in the Server Migration Service.

 

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Ques. 18): Which operating systems are supported by AWS Server Migration Service?

Answer:

Windows Server 2003, 2008, 2012, and 2016 as well as Windows 7, 8, and 10 can be migrated using the AWS Server Migration Service. Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL), SUSE/SLES, CentOS, Ubuntu, Oracle Linux, Fedora, and Debian Linux are all supported.

 

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Ques. 19): What vCenter permissions are needed by the AWS Server Migration Service Connector?

Answer:

The ability to create and delete snapshots on VMs that need to be moved to Amazon is a bare minimum need for the AWS Server Migration Service Connector.

 

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Ques. 20): Both VMware and Hyper-V setups are ones I manage. Can I simultaneously move VMware and Hyper-V virtual machines?

Answer:

Sure, but to simultaneously migrate VMs from both VMware and Hyper-V environments, you will require two distinct SMS Connectors.


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March 26, 2023

Top 20 AWS Ground Station Interview Questions and Answers


Customers may simply command, control, and downlink data from satellites using Amazon Ground Station, a fully managed service. You can arrange minute-by-minute access to AWS Ground Station antennas and only pay for the time you really use them. You can receive data from the satellite via AWS Ground Station, keep track of its condition, and send commands to modify its activities. AWS services such as Amazon S3 or Amazon EC2 can be used to store or process incoming data once it has been streamed there.


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Ques. 1): AWS Ground Station: What is it?

Answer:

You can manage satellite communications, process data, and grow your operations with the help of Amazon Ground Station, a fully managed service, all without having to construct or maintain your own ground station equipment. Weather forecasting, surface photography, communications, and video broadcasting are just a few of the many applications that satellites are employed for. The foundation of all satellite networks are ground stations. You have immediate access to AWS services through AWS Ground Station, as well as the Amazon Global Infrastructure, which includes a low-latency international fibre network.


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Ques. 2): What is the procedure for using AWS Ground Station?

Answer:

Go to the AWS Ground Station console in the AWS Management Console to get going. Here, you choose the satellites with which you must communicate and set up "Contacts" with them. A chosen satellite, the start and end times, and the ground location make up each contact. Up to 15 minutes before the scheduled contact time, you can cancel or reschedule by reviewing confirmed Contact times in your console. Use the AWS Ground Station EC2 AMI to run EC2 instances that will uplink and downlink data during the contact or that will receive downlinked data in an Amazon S3 bucket after the contact has been scheduled. Depending on your mission, you could require Downlink instances to receive bulk mission data from the satellite and Command instances to receive operational telemetry from the satellite and communicate modifications to the satellite's scheduled future actions. Throughout the duration of the contact, these instances will communicate with the AWS Ground Station aerial gateway via an ENI connection that already exists between them and the satellite aerial.


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Ques. 3): What kinds of satellites are capable of communication with AWS Ground Station?

Answer:

Non-Geostationary Earth Orbit (NGSO), Low Earth Orbit (LEO), and Medium Earth Orbit (MEO).


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Ques. 4): How does AWS Ground Station interact with and complement other AWS offerings?

Answer:

Processing and storing satellite-derived data using AWS Ground Station is simple, whether in the AWS area closest to each AWS Ground Station antenna or in another AWS region (using Amazon's global backbone network). Amazon Elastic Block Store (EBS), Amazon Elastic File System (EFS), and Amazon S3 are all options for local data storage on EC2 instances. You may set up lifecycle policies in S3 to automatically move older, less-used data to cheaper storage classes, such as Amazon Glacier and S3 Infrequent Access.

To fully control data input and offer standard APIs for integrating data analysis into your apps, use Amazon Kinesis Data Streams. With its seamless interaction with Amazon Rekognition, items may be recognised automatically (such as cars or airplanes). You may create unique machine learning programmes that use your data by using Amazon SageMaker.


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Ques. 5): When will I be billed for my use of the ground station?

Answer:

Upon the conclusion of each communication, customers will be charged. Clients will receive a charge for their commitment to Reserved Minutes plus any On Demand minutes used that month on their monthly AWS payment.


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Ques. 6): What operational broadcast and receive frequencies can be used by the ground station?

Answer:

The following frequencies can be supported by current ground station antenna systems:

Between 2025 to 2120 MHz, the S-Band transmits

S-band reception between 2200 and 2300 MHz

X-band reception between 7750 and 8400 MHz


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Ques. 7): What are the AWS Ground Station's main advantages?

Answer:

The first satellite Ground Station as a Service in the industry, AWS Ground Station is part of the AWS Global Infrastructure footprint and provides elastic, on-demand access to ground station satellite antennas without commitment. Previously, building ground stations for these connections required substantial capital expenditures, including the price of servers and storage needed to analyse incoming data. This makes it more difficult for you to react quickly to new business opportunities or important occurrences (such large weather events) and necessitates the operation and upkeep of a vast ground antenna network. AWS controls the ground station infrastructure with AWS Ground Station, allowing you to concentrate on developing and quickly testing new applications that process, analyse, and distribute satellite data. With Amazon's global, high-capacity backbone network, you can simply link this data with other AWS services, whether they are located in the same region or a different AWS Region.


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Ques. 8): What occurs when the time for my scheduled Contact arrives?

Answer:

Use the Amazon EC2 AMI to launch the necessary instances to interact with the satellite before the specified contact time, or construct an Amazon S3 bucket to receive downlinked data. Your EC2 instances will have the ability to connect to the AWS Ground Station antenna gateway over an ENI connection right before the scheduled encounter. Your EC2 instances will start sending and receiving data from the satellite as soon as the interaction starts. The data will be transmitted to your Amazon S3 bucket without the requirement for a Downlink instance if you want to receive downlinked data to an Amazon S3 bucket.


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Ques. 9): How can AWS Ground Station ensure that my satellite is not being controlled by someone else?

Answer:

To prevent unauthorised contact with satellites, AWS Ground Station employs a variety of security procedures. AWS onboards, identifies, and correlates the satellite and satellite owner with a selected customer account before permitting initial contact with a satellite. The user can then schedule satellite contacts using that account with AWS Ground Station or give permission for other AWS accounts to do so. For the duration of the contract, only authorised EC2 instances are permitted access to the AWS Ground Station aerial gateway. The encryption keys required to approve and encrypt data sent to the satellite are entirely under the control of the customers. Amazon S3 data is written to their Amazon S3 bucket and stored using Server Side Encryption (SSE).


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Ques. 10): When will I be billed for my use of the ground station?

Answer:

Upon the conclusion of each communication, customers will be charged. Clients will receive a charge for their commitment to Reserved Minutes plus any On Demand minutes used that month on their monthly AWS payment.


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Ques. 11): Is it possible to arrange time on an aerial in one location—say, Oregon—while working from another—say, Sydney?

Answer:

Indeed, AWS Ground Station is a network of aerial systems that spans the globe and is accessible to users anywhere. In fact, scheduling time on antennas at each point in the global network will be routine practise for many users.


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Ques. 12): What happens if the Contact I sought is unable to be reserved?

Answer:

If your preferred Contact is unavailable (for instance, because there are already bookings in place for aerial time at the selected site), the AWS Ground Station Management Console will present alternate contacts for your consideration.


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Ques. 13): How far in advance may Contacts be scheduled?

Answer:

Reservations for Reserved Minute Contacts can be made up to 21 days in advance, and they can be changed up to 1 day before the original appointment. On demand contacts cannot be rescheduled and can be scheduled up to 7 days in advance as well as as little as 15 minutes.


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Ques. 14): Where are the antennas for Ground Stations located?

Answer:

The service is being extended by AWS Ground Station to more AWS Regions and places worldwide.


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Ques. 15): How can the AWS Ground Station connect with satellites using radio frequencies or bands?

Answer:

S- and X- frequency bands, among others, can be used by AWS Ground Station antennas to communicate with satellites.


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Ques. 16): How do contacts work?

Answer:

A Contact is a reserved time slot for communication with a particular satellite from a known terrestrial location.


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Ques. 17): What happens if I make a contact but later decide I need to cancel it?

Answer:

Customers with reserved minutes are free to end contacts up to 24 hours before they begin without incurring any fees or penalties. Customers that use Reserved Minutes must pay a cancellation fee equal to the contact's cost if they need to cancel a contact less than 24 hours before the contact's start time. Customers using On Demand may cancel contacts up to 15 minutes before the start of the contact for a fee equivalent to the cost of the contact.


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Ques. 18): How fast is AWS Ground Station?

Answer:

Narrowband uplink rates of up to 54 MHz and downlink speeds of up to 500 MHz are supported by AWS Ground Station.


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