November 19, 2022

Top 20 AWS EC2 Auto Scaling Interview Questions and Answers

 

 

To assist you make sure you have the appropriate number of Amazon EC2 instances available to handle the load for your application, Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling is a fully managed solution designed to deploy or terminate Amazon EC2 instances automatically. Through fleet management for EC2 instances, which recognises and replaces unhealthy instances, and by automatically scaling your Amazon EC2 capacity up or down in accordance with conditions you establish, Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling aids you in maintaining application availability. To preserve performance and lower costs, you may utilise Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling to automatically increase the number of Amazon EC2 instances during surges in demand.

 

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Ques. 1): What is target tracking?

Answer:

You may quickly configure dynamic scaling for your application using target tracking, a new kind of scaling strategy. Goal tracking allows you to choose a load measure for your application, such as request count or CPU usage, define a target value, and Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling will change the number of EC2 instances in your ASG as necessary to meet that target. It works like a thermostat for your house, automatically altering the system to maintain the appropriate temperature. For instance, you may set goal tracking so that 50% of your fleet of web servers' CPUs are always in use. Then, to maintain an average CPU usage of 50%, Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling starts or terminates EC2 instances as necessary.

 

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Ques. 2): How does capacity balance work in Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling?

Answer:

A best practise for well-architected applications is to balance resources across Availability Zones, since this considerably improves aggregate system availability. When you specify several zones in your EC2 Auto Scaling group settings, Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling automatically distributes EC2 instances across the configured zones. New instances are always started by Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling so that the fleet as a whole is balanced between zones as evenly as feasible. Additionally, Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling only starts up in Availability Zones with capacity for the requested instance type.

 

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Ques. 3): What is meant by the phrase "stateful instances"?

Answer:

A stateful instance is one that contains data on it that is unique to that instance when the term is used. A stateful instance's data (or state information) is often lost when the instance is terminated. You might want to think about enabling instance protection to stop Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling from terminating a stateful instance or utilising lifecycle hooks to transfer the data off of it before it is terminated.


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Ques. 4): When should I choose AWS Auto Scaling over Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling?

Answer:

To handle scaling for numerous resources across different services, you should utilise AWS Auto Scaling. Using specified scaling methods, AWS Auto Scaling enables you to define dynamic scaling policies for several EC2 Auto Scaling groups or other resources. It takes less time to manage scaling policies for all of the scalable resources in your application using AWS Auto Scaling than it does using individual service consoles for each resource. Additionally, it is simpler since AWS Auto Scaling comes with predefined scaling methods that make it simpler to set up scaling policies.

If you simply need to scale Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling groups or if you only care about keeping the health of your EC2 fleet, you should utilise EC2 Auto Scaling. If you need to set up scheduled or step scaling policies, or if you need to build or configure Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling groups, you should also utilise EC2 Auto Scaling (as AWS Auto Scaling supports only target tracking scaling policies).

The EC2 interface, the Auto Scaling API, or CloudFormation may all be used to establish and configure EC2 Auto Scaling groups outside of AWS Auto Scaling. You may define dynamic scaling policies for your current EC2 Auto Scaling groups with the aid of AWS Auto Scaling.


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Ques. 5): A launch configuration is what?

Answer:

An EC2 Auto Scaling group will utilise a launch configuration as a template for launching EC2 instances. A key pair, one or more security groups, a block device mapping, the ID of the Amazon Machine Image (AMI), the instance type, and other details are all specified when creating a launch configuration for an instance. You provided the identical details to launch the instance if you've launched an EC2 instance before. An EC2 Auto Scaling group's launch settings must be specified when the group is created. You can use several EC2 Auto Scaling groups to describe your launch settings. One launch configuration may only be specified for one EC2 Auto Scaling group at a time, and once a launch configuration has been defined, it cannot be changed. Therefore, you must first construct a launch configuration before updating your EC2 Auto Scaling group with the new launch setting if you wish to alter the launch configuration for your EC2 Auto Scaling group. New instances are launched using the new configuration settings when the launch configuration for your EC2 Auto Scaling group is changed, but existing instances are unaffected.


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Ques. 6): Is there a method to create a volume just using Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling without installing an instance?

Answer:

Each time a new instance is introduced, a volume is associated with it. When a volume is nearly full, Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling doesn't instantly add another. A volume can be added to an existing instance using the EC2 API.


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Ques. 7): What distinguishes Predictive Scaling Policy from AWS Auto Scaling Plan's Predictive Scaling?

Answer:

In EC2 Auto Scaling, Predictive Scaling Policy introduces the same prediction mechanism that is available through AWS Auto Scaling plan as a native scaling policy. As with other scaling policies like Simple Scaling or Target Tracking, you may utilise predictive scaling directly using the AWS Command Line Interface (CLI), EC2 Auto Scaling Management Console, and AWS SDKs. Predictive scaling does not need the creation of an AWS Auto Scaling plan.


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Ques. 8): An EC2 Auto Scaling group (ASG) is what, exactly?

Answer:

For the purposes of fleet management and dynamic scaling, an Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling group (ASG) is a collection of EC2 instances that have similar features and are considered as a logical grouping. If a single application runs on many instances, for instance, you could wish to raise the number of instances in that group to improve the performance of the application or decrease the number of instances to save expenses during periods of low demand. Even if an instance falls unwell or depending on criteria you provide, Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling will automatically alter the number of instances in the group to keep a fixed number of instances.


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Ques. 9): How do lifecycle hooks work?

Answer:

With the use of lifecycle hooks, you may intervene before an instance starts running or before it is destroyed. If you are not building your software environment into an Amazon Machine Image, this can be extremely helpful (AMI). For instance, launch hooks can configure an instance's software to make sure it is ready to handle traffic before Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling connects it to your load balancer. Connecting the launch hook to an AWS Lambda function that calls RunCommand on the instance is one method to do this. Terminate hooks may be helpful for gathering crucial information from an instance before it disappears. For example, you could use a terminate hook to preserve your fleet’s log files by copying them to an Amazon S3 bucket when instances go out of service.

 

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Ques. 10): How can I manage who has access to the resources in Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling?

Answer:

You may perform the following things thanks to the integration between Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling and AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM), a service:

  • Create users and groups under the AWS account for your company.
  • Provide each user with their own security credentials under your AWS account.
  • Manage the rights each user has to access AWS resources for tasks.
  • Share your AWS resources with users of other AWS accounts.
  • Define the users or services that can take responsibilities in your AWS account.
  • Use your company's current IDs to provide rights to carry out actions utilising AWS resources.
  • Create an IAM policy, for instance, allowing the Managers group to utilise only the DescribeAutoScalingGroups.

For example, you could create an IAM policy that grants the Managers group permission to use only the DescribeAutoScalingGroups, DescribeLaunchConfigurations, DescribeScalingActivities, and DescribePolicies API operations. Users in the Managers group could then use those operations with any Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling groups and launch configurations. With Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling resource-level permissions, you can restrict access to a particular EC2 Auto Scaling group or launch configuration.


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Ques. 11): What if an Availability Zone does not offer the instance types I prefer?

Answer:

The launches will be retargeted to other Availability Zones included in the Auto Scaling group if none of the specified instance types are available in one. If all instance types are not accessible in an Availability Zone, Auto Scaling will retarget and always prefer to maintain your computing distributed across Availability Zones.


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Ques. 12): What distinguishes fleet management from dynamic scaling?

Answer:

You have a "fleet" if your application uses Amazon EC2 instances, as the term implies. The capability that automatically replaces unhealthy instances and keeps your fleet operating at the desired capacity is referred to as fleet management. The fleet management of Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling makes sure that both the instances themselves are operating properly and that your application can handle traffic. When Auto Scaling notices a failed health check, it can automatically switch out the instance.

The capability of Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling that automatically raises or reduces capacity based on demand or other variables is referred to as its dynamic scaling capabilities. For example, if your CPU spikes above 80% (and you have an alarm setup) Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling can add a new instance dynamically.

 

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Ques. 13): What constitutes an instance that is "unhealthy"?

Answer:

An unhealthy instance is one that fails a user-configured ELB health check or where the hardware has degraded for whatever reason (bad disc, etc.). Each individual EC2 instance is periodically given a health check by Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling. If the instance is linked to an Elastic Load Balancing load balancer, it may additionally execute ELB health checks.


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Ques. 14): How may a damaged instance be replaced by Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling?

Answer:

Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling immediately kills an unhealthy instance and substitutes a new one when it fails a health check. Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling gently detaches the compromised instance from the load balancer if you're using one before generating a new one and connects it to the load balancer. When an instance has to be replaced, nothing needs to be done manually because everything is handled automatically.

 

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Ques. 15): Is it possible to scale instances across several purchasing choices with a single ASG?

Answer:

Yes. In a single Auto Scaling Group, you can provide and automatically scale EC2 capacity across several EC2 instance types, Availability Zones, and On-Demand, RIs, and Spot purchasing options. You may choose which instance types are best for your application, set the appropriate split between On-Demand and Spot capacity, and indicate your preferences for how EC2 Auto Scaling should allocate the ASG capacity within each purchase model.

 

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Ques. 16): Can I scale out my ASG on Spot instances after establishing a basic capacity using On-Demand instances and RIs?

Answer:

Yes. You may set the group's basic capacity to be met by On-Demand instances when creating an ASG to mix buying models. EC2 Auto Scaling makes ensuring that the basic capacity is filled with On-Demand instances when the ASG scales in or out, and that anything beyond that is filled with either entirely Spot instances or a specific % mix of On-Demand or Spot instances.

 

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Ques. 17): How long does it take Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling to launch a new instance in the inService state after identifying a malfunctioning server?

Answer:

Within minutes, everything is ready. The bulk of replacements take place in within five minutes, and on average it takes considerably less time. It depends on a number of variables, including how long it takes for your instance's AMI to boot up.

 

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Ques. 18): Can I alter an ASG's setup to reflect new characteristics for merging buying models and defining multiple instance types?

Answer:

Yes. Customers can update an existing ASG to change one or all parameters related to combining purchasing models and specifying multiple instance types, including instance types, priority order for On-Demand instances, percentage split between On-Demand and Spot instances, and allocation strategy. This is similar to how other ASG parameters can be changed.

 

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Ques. 19): What advantages does utilising Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling offer?

Answer:

Your Amazon EC2 instance availability is maintained with the aid of Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling. Using Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling, you can automatically replace any Amazon EC2 instances that become faulty, whether you are operating one or hundreds of them. This makes sure that your application has the expected amount of computing power. To reduce the need to manually provision Amazon EC2 capacity in advance, you may utilise Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling to automatically expand your Amazon EC2 fleet by following the demand curve for your applications. For instance, when the average usage of your Amazon EC2 fleet is high, you may establish a condition to add new instances in increments to the ASG. Likewise, when CPU utilisation is low, you can set a condition to remove instances in increments. Additionally, you may utilise Elastic Load Balancing (ELB) to distribute traffic to your instances inside the ASG and Amazon CloudWatch to transmit alarms that will start scaling actions. Predictive Scaling strategy may be used to proactively expand capacity in advance of impending demand if you have predicted load variations. You can run your Amazon EC2 fleet at maximum utilisation thanks to Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling.

 

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Ques. 20): How would users be routed to the other servers in a group in the event of a breakdown without elastic load balancing (ELB)?

Answer:

You can connect to Route53 (which Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling does not currently support out of the box, but many customers use). You may also use your own reverse proxy or service discovery tools for internal microservices.

 

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