November 04, 2022

Top 20 AWS STEP Functions Interview Questions and Answers

 

                        AWS Step Functions is a fully managed solution that makes it simple to use visual workflows to coordinate the parts of distributed applications and microservices. You can expand apps simply and update programmes rapidly by creating applications from separate, distinct components. Step Functions is a dependable method for organising parts and iterating over the application's functions. Step Functions provide a graphical interface for organising and visualising your application's parts as a flow of steps.

 

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Ques: 1). AWS Step Functions: How Do They Work?

Answer:

You may create state machines that outline your process as a collection of stages, their connections, and their inputs and outputs using AWS Step Functions. Each of the states that make up a state machine corresponds to a distinct phase in a workflow diagram. States are capable of carrying out tasks, making decisions, passing arguments, starting parallel execution, controlling timeouts, and ending your workflow with a success or failure. Designing multi-step applications is simple because to the visual console's automated graphing of each stage in the sequence of execution. The console displays each step's current state and offers a thorough history of each execution.


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Ques: 2). What is AWS Step Functions?

Answer:

AWS Step Functions is a fully managed solution that makes it simple to use visual workflows to coordinate the parts of distributed applications and microservices. You can expand apps simply and update programmes rapidly by creating applications from separate, distinct components. Step Functions is a dependable method for organising parts and iterating over the application's functions. Step Functions provide a graphical interface for organising and visualising your application's parts as a flow of steps. This makes creating and running multi-step apps straightforward. Step Functions automatically initiates, records, and retries each step so that your programme runs in the correct order and according to plan. Step Functions records each step's status so that when something goes wrong, you can immediately identify and fix the issue. You can simply grow your application and innovate more quickly since you can add and alter phases without ever writing code.


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Ques: 3). What dialect is AWS Step Functions written in?

Answer:

The declarative Amazon States Language is used to specify the state machines used by AWS Step Functions in JSON. Any programming language that supports web service API communication with AWS Step Functions may be used to construct an activity worker. You can utilise an AWS SDK in the language of your choice for convenience. Code written in Node.js (JavaScript), Python, Golang (Go), and C# is supported by AWS Lambda (using the .NET Core runtime and other languages).


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Ques: 4). When should I utilise Amazon SQS instead of AWS Step Functions?

Answer:

When you need to coordinate service components in the creation of highly scalable and auditable systems, you should take AWS Step Functions into consideration. When you want a dependable, highly scalable, hosted queue for transmitting, storing, and receiving messages across services, you have to think about employing Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS). All tasks and events in an application are recorded by Step Functions. If your application uses several queues, Amazon SQS requires you to build your own application-level tracking. You may search for executions, dig down into an execution's details, and manage executions using the Step Functions Console and visibility APIs, which offer an application-centric perspective. Implementing such additional capability is necessary for Amazon SQS. Step Functions has a number of features that make it easier to design applications, such the ability to communicate information between jobs and flexible task distribution. You must build certain application-level functions in order to use Amazon SQS. While you may create simple processes to synchronise your distributed application using Amazon SQS, Step Functions also provides further application-level features.


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Ques: 5). How do Amazon API Gateway and AWS Step Functions interact?

Answer:

Your Step Functions APIs may be linked to Amazon API Gateway so that, whenever an HTTPS request is made to one of your defined API methods, your state machines are invoked. You may add human activity tasks into the phases of your application, such as permission requests and answers, by using an Amazon API Gateway API to launch Step Functions state machines that coordinate the elements of a distributed backend application. To the APIs of the services your application utilises, you may also perform serverless asynchronous calls.


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Ques: 6). Can I use the resources inside my Amazon VPC to access Step Functions without using the internet?

Answer:

AWS PrivateLink-enabled VPC Endpoints (VPCE) are likewise supported by Step Functions. Without using the open internet, AWS Lambda functions and other AWS services that support VPC can access Step Functions.


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Ques: 7). How are other AWS services connected and coordinated using AWS Step Functions?

Answer:

More than 200 AWS services may be connected to and coordinated by workflows that you design using AWS Step Functions. You can, for instance:

  • Use a Lambda function provided by AWS.
  • Execute an AWS Fargate or Amazon Elastic Container Service job.
  • A new item may be added to a DynamoDB table or an old item can be retrieved from one.
  • Send an AWS Batch job, then wait for it to finish
  • Post a message to a subject on Amazon SNS.
  • A message was sent to an Amazon SQS queue.
  • start a run of the AWS Glue task
  • To train a machine learning model or batch convert a data set, create an Amazon SageMaker task.
  • You can also create tasks in your state machines that run applications.


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Ques: 8). What are the advantages of utilising orchestration while creating my application?

Answer:

By dividing an application into service components (or stages), it can be made sure that each component scales independently, that it can be changed without needing a whole system redeployment after each change, and that the failure of one component won't bring down the entire system. Coordination of service components entails controlling concurrency, scheduling, and execution dependencies in line with the application's logical flow. Developers may utilise service orchestration in such an application to do this and deal with errors.


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Ques: 9). Some of the characteristics of Standard Workflows and some of Express Workflows are present in my process. What is the greatest way to combine the two?

Answer:

The following two workflow types are composable: Standard Workflows can execute Express Workflows as a subworkflow. From the perspective of the parent orchestration workflow, the Express Workflow is started from a Task state and either succeeds or fails as a whole. It is subject to the task's parent's retry policy. As long as none of the workflows go above the parent's time cap, you may also invoke Express Workflows from within an Express Workflow. You might choose to factor your workflows this way if your use case has a combination of long-running or exactly-once, and short-lived high-rate steps.


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Ques: 10). What are some typical use cases for AWS Step Functions?

Answer:

Any computational issue or business procedure that can be broken into a number of steps is helped by AWS Step Functions. It may also be used to build end-to-end workflows for managing interdependent activities. Typical use cases comprise:

Refine and reduce massive data sets into usable forms, or manage multi-step analytics and machine learning workflows to combine data from several databases into unified outputs.

DevOps and IT automation: develop instruments for continuous integration and deployment, or develop event-driven programmes that instantly react to infrastructure changes.

Automate essential company activities with e-commerce, such order fulfilment and inventory management.

Implement strong user registration procedures and sign-on authentication in web applications.


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Ques: 11). How do AWS Step Functions log and monitor activity?

Answer:

For application monitoring, AWS Step Functions deliver metrics to AWS CloudTrail and Amazon CloudWatch. AWS Step Functions are monitored by Amazon CloudWatch, which also tracks metrics, sets alarms, and responds immediately to changes. All Step Functions API calls, both those made through the Step Functions interface and through code calls to the Step Functions APIs, are recorded as events by AWS CloudTrail. For each linked service in your workflow, Step Functions offers managed rules for Amazon CloudWatch Events and can establish and administer CloudWatch Events rules in your AWS account as necessary.


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Ques: 12). What compliance requirements are covered by Step Functions?

Answer:

HIPAA, FedRAMP, SOC, GDPR, and other widely used compliance requirements are all met using AWS Step Functions.

 

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Ques: 13). How are my resources connected via AWS Step Functions?

Answer:

Any AWS service may be orchestrated using Service Integrations, and any self-managed application component can be orchestrated using Activity Tasks.

You may build calls to AWS Services and include the answer into your process using service integrations. You may easily call one of the more than 9,000 AWS API Actions from more than 200 services using AWS-SDK Service Integrations. With features like IAM policy creation and the RunAJob pattern, which will automatically wait for the completion of asynchronous processes, Optimized Service Integrations further ease usage of popular services like Lambda, ECS, Glue, or EMR.

Activity Tasks make it possible to integrate with activity works that you run anywhere you choose, whether on an on-premises server, in Amazon EC2, Amazon ECS, on a mobile device, or in Amazon EC2. The activity worker checks Step Functions periodically for work, accepts any inputs from Step Functions, runs your code to complete the task, and then provides the results. Since activity workers solicit labour, using workers that are set up behind a firewall is simple.

Service Integrations and Activity Tasks may both be combined in an AWS Step Functions state machine. Applications using AWS Step Functions can also integrate cloud-based service tasks with activity workers operating in a data centre. Both the data centre employees and any cloud-based service duties carry on as usual.


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Ques: 14). What happens if my Express Workflow fails because the number of retries has run out or there was an uncontrolled exception?

Answer:

Express Workflows automatically record all outcomes, including workflow input, output, and finished phases, to CloudWatch Logs. You may opt to log input and output or merely record errors at various degrees of logging. Workflows that have an unmanaged exception or have run out of retries should be restarted from the beginning.

 

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