Top 20 AWS CloudShell Interview Questions and Answers

It is simpler to manage, examine, and interact with your AWS resources securely with the help of AWS CloudShell, a browser-based shell. Using the credentials from your console, CloudShell is already authenticated. There is no need to install or configure software on your local workstation because common development and operations tools are already installed. You may experiment with AWS service APIs using the AWS SDKs, run scripts fast with the AWS Command Line Interface (AWS CLI) using CloudShell, and use a variety of other tools to be more productive.

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Ques. 1): What is CloudShell capable of?

Answer:

With CloudShell, you can get started with the AWS CLI more quickly and interface with AWS services, automate activities, and manage infrastructure. Using CloudShell, you can clone script repositories that are often used, edit those scripts, and then save them for later use. You may create applications using AWS SDKs and manage your AWS resources using popular CLIs like the AWS Serverless Application Model (AWS SAM) CLI and Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS) CLI. Your home directory's 1 GB of persistent storage is where you may save your work for free.

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Ques. 2): What distinguishes the AWS Cloud9 terminal from CloudShell?

Answer:

When using a Cloud9 environment, which needs an EC2 instance in your account, AWS Cloud9 is an integrated development environment (IDE) that grants users access to a terminal. You can use the standalone, all-purpose programme CloudShell to issue commands on AWS. You are charged for the EC2 instance that powers your Cloud9 environment when using Cloud9. CloudShell is free to use; you only pay for the AWS resources required to execute scripts and commands. You are charged for data transfer at industry-standard rates in both situations.

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Ques. 3): How can I get into CloudShell?

Answer:

From the AWS Management Console, you may access CloudShell. A CloudShell environment is opened in a new browser tab by clicking the shell symbol in the top navigation bar. Your console credentials are used by the new browser tab.

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Ques. 4): Can I restrict access to CloudShell throughout my organisation?

Answer:

Yes, you can limit a user's ability to start CloudShell using an AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) policy. Additionally, a CloudShell session can only be started by users that have the Administrator or PowerUser status by default. Access to CloudShell can be set up by administrators for their company. The CloudShell icon will be present if you opt to restrict this functionality, but a CloudShell session won't begin. A notification informing your users that they lack access to CloudShell will be displayed.

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Ques. 5): How can I make my CloudShell environment my own?

Answer:

By downloading configuration files from a Git repository or uploading them to your CloudShell environment, you can personalise your environment. By clicking the settings icon and choosing your preferred theme and text size, you may alter how CloudShell looks. Your choice causes an immediate update of the shell. Software that is installed somewhere else than your home directory is not persistent across sessions.

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Ques. 6): How secure is CloudShell?

Answer:

Yes, users must enter into the AWS Management Console in order to access CloudShell, and once they do, they are only given the permissions specified by their login information. You have the same rights as if you installed, set up, and used the AWS CLI on your local machine using the same login information. Administrators of accounts can restrict access to CloudShell by creating the necessary IAM policies. AWS CloudTrail keeps track of CloudShell usage data, and API requests made from the shell are annotated to show that they originated from a particular user's CloudShell session.

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Ques. 7): How long will my data be stored by CloudShell?

Answer:

Files kept in your home directory ($HOME) in CloudShell environments will be preserved for up to 120 days after the last time you started a CloudShell session. This restriction is region-specific. If you use CloudShell in more than one Region, the timer for each Region starts when the last CloudShell session for that Region was closed. The timer will be reset if you use the same IAM principal to access CloudShell in the expired Region.

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Ques. 8): What’s pre-installed in CloudShell?

Answer:

Running on Amazon Linux 2, CloudShell includes runtimes and AWS SDKs for Python and Node.js in addition to the standard AWS command line interfaces (AWS CLI, Amazon ECS CLI, and AWS SAM CLI). Additional regularly used command-line tools for editors (vi), source control (Git), package management (npm, pip), and shells (Bash, PowerShell, Zsh) are also included.

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Ques. 9): My modifications to the CloudShell environment are they permanent?

Answer:

For each AWS Region, only modifications made in your home directory will endure across CloudShell sessions. In each supported AWS Region, you are allowed to keep up to 1 GB of files in your home directory. AWS Regions' storage is not synced.

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Ques. 10): Can I install my own software?

Answer:

In CloudShell, you can indeed install your own programme. You won't need to reinstall software if it is fully installed within your home directory because it will persist between sessions when using CloudShell. Any extra software you install is your responsibility to maintain.

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Ques. 11): What restrictions apply to CloudShell?

Answer:

1 GB of storage for your home directory is the maximum amount that will endure over all of your CloudShell sessions, per region. Changes made outside of your home directory are not saved when your session ends because CloudShell employs a temporary compute environment that restores data from your home directory when you connect to it. Long lasting processes are not the type of workloads that CloudShell is designed for. Consider using another AWS compute service to complete a lengthy task. After a time of inactive keyboard input, CloudShell will shut down automatically. Background processes are not considered to be active and can be terminated at any time. When your console session expires, your CloudShell connection will automatically detach from all open sessions.

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Ques. 12): How much does CloudShell cost?

Answer:

CloudShell is free of additional fees. Any additional AWS resources you use using CloudShell to build and maintain your applications are your responsibility to pay for. There are no minimum payments or up-front commitments; you simply pay for what you use as you use it. Standard AWS data transfer rates are used to charge for data transport.

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Ques. 13): Who may give permission to use CloudShell to others?

Answer:

CloudShell's access is controlled by IAM. Access to CloudShell can be granted by any user having IAM administrator privileges. If you decide to limit this option, the CloudShell icon will be present but no CloudShell session will launch; instead, your users will see a message informing them that they lack access to CloudShell.

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Ques. 14): Can I use the browser to upload and download files?

Answer:

Yes, you can use your browser to upload files from your local computer to the home directory of your CloudShell instance. Additionally, you can download files from your CloudShell environment to your local computer that are up to 1 GB in size.

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Ques. 15): How many shells can I have?

Answer:

One virtual machine is supported per user, per region, via CloudShell. Per virtual computer, users can run up to 10 concurrent sessions. Users can open shells from different Regions at once. Any IAM principal, including federated roles and AWS Single Sign-On, that can be used to sign in to the AWS Management Console is referred to as a user.

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Ques. 16): Is it possible to add more storage to CloudShell?

Answer:

No, you are unable to directly attach more storage to CloudShell. Using CloudShell, you can create and use an S3 bucket if you need to store more data than 1 GB.

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Ques. 17): How is Amazon EC2 Instance Connect distinct from CloudShell?

Answer:

You can use a terminal in the browser to connect to existing EC2 instances in your account thanks to Amazon EC2 Instance Connect. There are no resources in your account that CloudShell needs. While CloudShell is most useful for running AWS CLI commands and general purpose scripting, EC2 Instance Connect is most useful for connecting to active EC2 instances over SSH.

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Ques. 18): Can I remove the data I own from CloudShell?

Answer:

Yes. The files that are erased from CloudShell are gone forever. Utilize a different type of storage to backup the files.

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Ques. 19): Can anyone use CloudShell?

Answer:

Currently, a CloudShell session can only be started by users that have the Administrator or PowerUser role. A CloudShell session cannot be started by any other users without an administrator's approval.

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Ques. 20): How can I stop the deletion of my CloudShell storage?

Answer:

Open CloudShell in the expiry Region after logging into the AWS Management Console. The time associated with your storage in the specified Region will be reset by doing this.

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Top 20 AWS Lightsail Questions and Answers

For developers, small enterprises, students, and other customers that want a solution to create and run their applications in the cloud, Amazon Lightsail is a virtual private server (VPS) provider and the simplest method to get started with AWS. Developers may install and manage websites and web applications in the cloud using Lightsail's computing, storage, and networking capability. For a cheap, dependable monthly cost, Lightsail offers everything you need to swiftly begin your project, such as virtual machines, containers, databases, CDN, load balancers, DNS management, etc.

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Ques. 1): How effective are Lightsail instances?

Answer:

AWS particularly designed Lightsail instances for usage with web servers, developer environments, and tiny databases. Such tasks occasionally require a performance burst but do not frequently or routinely demand the entire CPU. Burstable performance instances, which Lightsail employs, offer a basic amount of CPU performance with the option to burst over it. This approach protects you from the inconsistent performance or other frequent negative effects that you may normally see from over-subscription in other situations while enabling you to obtain the performance you need, when you need it.

Use Amazon EC2 if you want highly customizable settings and instances with consistently good CPU performance for applications like video transcoding or HPC workloads.

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Ques. 2): How do DNS records work?

Answer:

DNS is a widely used service that converts domain names like www.example.com into the numerical IP addresses used by computers to communicate to one another, such as 192.0.2.1. You may quickly link the public IPs of your Lightsail instances to your registered domain names, such as photos.example.com. In this way, Lightsail automatically converts human readable names like example.com that people put into their browsers into the IP of the instance you wish to send them to. These translations are all referred to as DNS queries.

It's crucial to understand that you must register a domain in Lightsail before using it. You can register new domains using Amazon Route 53, or your preferred DNS registrar.

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Ques. 3): What can I do in Lightsail using tags?

Answer:

With tags, you can categorise and filter your resources in the Lightsail interface and API, keep track of and arrange your charges in your bill, and set access management rules to control who may see or alter your resources. With the use of tags, you can:

Organize - View and manage resources based on the tags you've given them using the Lightsail interface and API filters. This is helpful if you have a lot of resources of the same type since you can easily recognise a particular resource based on the tags you've given it.

Cost-allocate - By identifying your resources and setting "cost allocation tags" in the billing interface, you may track and distribute expenses across various projects or users. You may, for instance, break out your bill and analyse your expenditures by client or project.

Using AWS Identity and Access Management rules, you can manage access and limit who may create, update, and remove Lightsail resources. You can work more effectively with people on projects without having to grant them complete access to your Lightsail resources thanks to this.

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Ques. 4): A Lightsail instance is what?

Answer:

A Lightsail instance is an AWS Cloud-based virtual private server (VPS). Utilize your Lightsail instances to run code, store data, and create webpages or web apps. Both public (Internet) and private (VPC) networking options are available for your instances to use when connecting to one another and to other AWS services. From the Lightsail console, you can simply create, manage, and connect to instances.

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Ques. 5): What are photographs?

Answer:

Point-in-time backups of instances, databases, or block storage devices are known as snapshots. You may take a snapshot of your resources at any moment, or you can instruct Lightsail to take snapshots for you by turning on automatic snapshots for instances and discs. Snapshots can be used as starting points for building new resources or when backing up data. All the information required to recover your resource is in a snapshot (from the moment when the snapshot was taken). The rebuilt resource starts out as an identical clone of the old resource that was used to construct the snapshot when you restore a resource by building it from a snapshot.

You can manually take snapshots of your Lightsail instances, disks, and databases, or you can use automatic snapshots to instruct Lightsail to take daily snapshots of your instances and disks automatically.

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Ques. 6): Where can I find a Lightsail instance?

Answer:

With SSH access for Linux/Unix-based instances and RDP access for Windows-based instances, Lightsail provides a 1-click secure connection to your instance's terminal straight from your browser. Launch your instance control panels, select Connect using SSH or Connect using RDP, and a new browser window will open with your instance already connected. This is known as 1-click connections.

Lightsail will handle the saving and administration of your SSH keys for you and give you a safe key to use in your SSH client if you wish to connect to your Linux/Unix-based instance using your own client.

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Ques. 7): A Lightsail instance plan: what is it?

Answer:

A Lightsail package, also known as a bundle, contains an SSD-based virtual private server, SSD-based storage, and a data transfer allowance. The virtual private server has a defined quantity of RAM and vCPUs. Additionally, the Lightsail plans provide DNS control and five static IP addresses per account (3 domain zones per account). Plans with Lightsail are only paid for when you use them because they are hourly, on-demand fees.

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Ques. 8): What are the maintained databases at Lightsail?

Answer:

The managed databases offered by Lightsail are instances that are solely used to operate databases rather than other workloads like web servers, mail servers, etc. The same tools and programmes you use to access a stand-alone database may also be used to access a Lightsail database, which can contain many user-created databases. Lightsail keeps your database's operating system and underlying infrastructure safe and secure so that you may administer a database without having a strong background in infrastructure management. Lightsail databases have a defined amount of memory, processing power, and SSD-based storage that you can scale up over time, much like standard Lightsail instances. Your selected database will be installed and configured for you by Lightsail immediately after it is created.

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Ques. 9): What can I do with the block storage in Lightsail?

Answer:

Similar to an individual hard drive, Lightsail block storage offers extra storage volumes (referred to as "connected discs" in Lightsail) that you may attach to your Lightsail instance. Applications and software that need to split off specialised data from their core services can benefit from attached discs. They can also be used to preserve application data in the event that your instance and system disc experience a failure or other problem. Applications or software that often access their stored data might benefit from the constant performance and reduced latency provided by attached drives.

Solid-state discs are used in Lightsail block storage (SSD). This kind of block storage aims to handle the great majority of Lightsail workloads by balancing affordability and performance. Adopt EC2 with GP2 or Provisioned IOPS SSD storage in place of Lightsail for clients whose applications need consistent IOPS performance, high throughput per disc, or are running sizable databases like MongoDB, Cassandra, etc.

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Ques. 10): What distinguishes halting from deleting my instance?

Answer:

Your instance is shut down when you stop it, but it is still switched on and ready for you to restart it whenever you choose. It is advised to use static IPs for instances that must maintain the same IP after they cease since stopping your instance would relinquish its public IP.

Your instance will be deleted, which is a detrimental operation. Your instance data will all be lost and unrecoverable unless you have taken an instance snapshot. Both the instance's public and private IP addresses will be made public. If you were utilising a static IP with that instance, it stays in your account but is detachable.

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Ques. 11): What aspects of my managed database does Lightsail handle for me?

Answer:

Your database's core architecture and a variety of maintenance tasks are managed by Lightsail. To assist prevent data loss or component failure, Lightsail automatically backs up your database and offers point-in-time recovery using the database restore tool for the last seven days. Additionally, Lightsail automatically encrypts your data while it is in transit and at rest for improved protection. It also saves your database password for quick and safe database connections. On the maintenance front, Lightsail performs database maintenance within the designated maintenance time. The administration of the operating system and underlying infrastructure, as well as automated updates to the most recent minor database version, are all included in this maintenance.

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Ques. 12): In Lightsail, how do I utilise IPs?

Answer:

An automated private IP address and a public IP address are assigned to each Lightsail instance. The private IP can be used to send data secretly and without cost between Lightsail instances and AWS services. You may connect to your instance from the Internet using the public IP, for example, by using a registered domain name or an SSH or RDP connection from a local computer. The public IP may be replaced with a static IP address by adding a static IP to the instance, which will remain the same even if you stop and restart the instance.

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Ques. 13): Does Amazon Lightsail offer alerting and monitoring capabilities?

Answer:

Yes. You may get statistics on a variety of resources, such as databases, load balancers, and instances, using Amazon Lightsail. You can set up a maximum of two alert thresholds for each statistic for every given resource. If the alert threshold is crossed, you will be notified via the Lightsail console and, if you so desire, you will also receive an email and/or SMS. The warning and monitoring functionality of Lightsail is free; however, your cell carrier may impose SMS message fees.

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Ques. 14): What is Lightsail good for?

Answer:

You may select from a number of preconfigured VPS plans that come with everything you want for simple application deployment and management. Lightsail is best suited for customers that want a straightforward administration interface and projects that call for a few virtual private servers. Running websites, web apps, blogs, e-commerce sites, basic software, and more are examples of common use cases for Lightsail.

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Ques. 15): When I remove my managed database, what happens to my data?

Answer:

Your database itself and its automated backups will be destroyed if you delete your managed database. This information cannot be recovered unless you manually snapshot your database before deleting it. Lightsail offers a one-click option to take a manual snapshot during the deletion of your database, if requested, to assist prevent unintentional data loss. Although it is optional, manually taking a picture before deletion is strongly advised. When you no longer require the recorded data, you can erase your manual snapshot.

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Ques. 16): How can I use the distributions from the Lightsail CDN?

Answer:

By storing and providing the material on Amazon's worldwide delivery network, which is powered by Amazon CloudFront, Lightsail content delivery network (CDN) distributions make it simple for you to expedite the delivery of content housed on your Lightsail resources. By offering quick SSL certificate generation and hosting, distributions also assist you in making your website HTTPS-compatible. Distributions can also assist your website endure significant traffic surges and lessen the strain on your Lightsail resources. Like all of Lightsail's capabilities, setup only requires a few clicks, and the cost is a straightforward monthly fee.

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Ques. 17): What settings do I need to make so that my apex domain points to my Lightsail distribution?

Answer:

You must make an ALIAS record in your domain's domain name system (DNS) that translates your apex domain to your distribution's default domain in order to direct your apex domain to your CDN distribution. If your DNS hosting provider does not allow ALIAS records, you may easily arrange your apex domain to refer to the domain of your distribution by using Lightsail DNS zones.

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Ques. 18): What can I do with the container services from Lightsail?

Answer:

Running containerized apps in the cloud is made simple by Lightsail container services. Simple web apps and multi-tiered micro services are both capable of running on a container service. You just need to supply the container image, scalability (number of nodes), and power (CPU, RAM) needed for your container service. Without you needing to handle any underlying infrastructure, Lightsail manages the container service. You will be given a load-balanced TLS endpoint by Lightsail to access the application that is being used by the container service.

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Ques. 19): What kind of usage does Lightsail CDN encourage?

Answer:

Amazon To make the cost of utilising the service straightforward and predictable, Lightsail CDN distributions are built using fixed-priced bundles of data transport. A month's worth of consumption is covered by a distribution package. Distribution bundles may not be used for purposes other than those for which they were designed, such as repeatedly upgrading or downgrading bundles or employing an abnormally high volume of distributions from a single origin. Workloads that need a lot of requests per second or a lot of streaming video are also not allowed. Your data services or account may be throttled or suspended if you engage in these actions.

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Ques. 20): What's the difference between removing my container service and halting it?

Answer:

Your container nodes are in a disabled state when you disable your container service, and the public endpoint of the service returns an HTTP status code of '503'. The service returns to the most recent active deployment when it is enabled. Configurations for power and scalability are also kept. Following re-enabling, the public endpoint's name remains unchanged. Container images and deployment history are kept.

You are acting destructively when you remove your container service. All of the service's container nodes will be permanently destroyed. Additionally, your service's container images, deployment history, logs, and HTTPS public endpoint address will all be permanently erased. It is impossible for you to get the endpoint address back.

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