Top 20 AWS DevOps Cloud Interview Questions & Answers

 

Ques. 1): What do you know about AWS DevOps?

Answer: Your response needs to be clear and understandable. First, describe DevOps’ increasing significance in the IT industry. Discuss how such a strategy helps to synergize the production and operations teams’ strategies to maximize digital product distribution with a low failure rate. Talk about how DevOps is a value-added process where architecture and operation engineers collaborate during the product or service’s lifecycle, right from the design phase to the implementation phase.

 

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Ques. 2): What role does AWS play in DevOps?

Answer: Most often you will come across this DevOps Interview Question in your interviews. In DevOps, AWS has the following role:

•   Flexible technology – Offers ready-to-use, customizable facilities without the need for program development or configuration.

•   Constructed for scale – Using AWS systems, you can handle a single instance or scale to thousands.

•   Automation – AWS lets you simplify activities and procedures, allowing you to create further

•   Safe – You can configure user permissions and policies using the AWS Identity and Access Control (IAM).

•   Large partner ecosystem – AWS supports a broad partner ecosystem that incorporates and expands AWS services.

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Ques. 3): Why the Opensource tools boost DevOps?

Answer: Opensource tools predominantly used by any organization which is adapting (or) adopted DevOps pipelines because devops came with the focus of automation in various aspects of organization build and release and change management and also infrastructure management areas.

So developing or using a single tool is impossible and also everything is basically trial and error phase of development and also agile cuts down the luxury of developing a single tool , so opensource tools were available on the market pretty much saves every purpose and also gives organization an option to evaluate the tool based on their need .

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Ques. 4): What are the uses of integrating cloud with DevOps?

Answer: The centralized nature of cloud computing provides DevOps automation with a standard and centralized platform for testing, deployment, and production.Most cloud providers gives Even DevOps technologies like CI tools and deployment tools as a service like codebuild, codepipeline, codedeploy in AWS makes easy and even faster rate of DevOps practice.

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Ques. 5): Why do you think a Version control system is necessary for DevOps team?

Answer: Application is all about code, if the UI is not behaving as expected, there could be a bug in the code. To track the code updates, versioning is a must.

By any chance if bug breaks the application, we should be able to revert it to the working codebase. Versioning helps to achieve this.

Also, by keeping a track of code commits by individuals, it is very easy to find the source of the bug in the code.

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Ques. 6): What are the different phases in DevOps?

Answer: The various aspects of the DevOps lifecycle are as the following:

•      Plan– Originally, a schedule should be drawn up for the form of application to be created. It is still a smart thing to get a clear view of the production process.

•      Code-The program is configured according to the needs of the end-user.

•      Construct– Build the program by combining different codes developed in the preceding phases.

•      Test-This is the most critical step in the creation of an application. Check the document, and if necessary, restore it.

•      Integrate– Several codes are built into one by various programmers.

•      Deploy– Technology is being distributed for further use in a cloud environment. It is assumed that the new developments will not impact the operation of a website with heavy traffic.

•      Operate– Where necessary, operations are conducted on the file.

•      Monitor– It tracks the performance of programs. Changes are made to meet the demands of the end-user.

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Ques. 7): Describe how “Infrastructure code” is processed or completed in AWS?

Answer: In AWS,

•      The Infrastructure Code will be in JSON format

•      This JSON code is stored in files called templates

•      These templates can be deployed and then handled as stacks on AWS DevOps

•      The CloudFormation provider will then do the stack process Forming, removing, upgrading, etc.

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Ques. 8): What is the concept of Continuous Integration in Devops?

Answer: Continuous integration is an increasingly critical aspect of the Agile process. Developers usually function during a sprint on functionality or user experiences and contribute their version control repository changes.

If the code has been committed, then the developers’ entire work is well organized, and the build is done on a routine basis depending on each check-in or schedule. Continuous integration thus requires the creator to merge their improvements with the others, to receive early feedback.

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Ques. 9): What are the scripting languages can be used in DevOps?

Answer: As with scripting languages , the basic shell scripting is used for build steps in Jenkins pipelines and python scripts can be used with any other tools like Ansible , terraform as a wrapper script for some other complex decision solving tasks in any automation as python is more superior in complex logic derivation than shell scripts and ruby scripts can also be used as build steps in Jenkins.

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Ques. 10): What is the distinction between Continuous Delivery and Continuous Deployment?

Answer: There are several applications or user stories that are created, tested, and ready for implementation in an Agile Sprint, For Instance. But not everyone will be implemented depending on the client’s requirements and goals. But it’s essential to keep the code readily accessible for distribution here in continuous Delivery.

In Continuous Deployment, all the improvements made by the developer go through different stages to be delivered in an automated fashion into the PRODUCTION circumstances.

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Ques. 11): What is the difference between Ansible and chef(or) puppet?

Answer: Ansible is Agentless configuration management tool, where puppet or chef needs agent needs to be run on the agent node and chef or puppet is based on pull model, where your cookbook or manifest for chef and puppet respectively from the master will be pulled by the agent and ansible uses ssh to communicate and it gives data-driven instructions to the nodes need to be managed , more like RPC execution, ansible uses YAML scripting, whereas puppet (or) chef is built by ruby uses their own DSL .

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Ques. 12): Is DevOps the part of Agile methodology?

Answer: Yes, DevOps is the part of agile methodology, with the main difference is that it can only be applied over the section on growth. Agile will, at the same time, be used for both processes and improvements.

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Ques. 13): Can you list out some of the popular tools for DevOps?

Answer: Some of the polular tools are:

•      Git

•      Jenkins

•      Ansible

•      Puppet

•      Nagios

•      Docker

•      ELK (Elasticsearch, Logstash, Kibana)

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Ques. 14): How many types of repositories available in Git?

Answer: There are two types of repositories available in Git:

Bare Repositories (Central): These repositories are only for Storing & Sharing the code. All central repositories are bare repositories

Non – Bare Repositories (Local): In these repositories, we can modify the files. All local /user repositories are Bare Repositories.

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Ques. 15): Can you explain Pair Programming concerning DevOps?

Answer: Pair programming is an Extreme Programming Principles Architecture technique. Two programmer function on the very same device in this form, on the same layout/algorithm/code.

One programmer acts as a “horse,” and another acts as an “observer” who always watches a project’s development to detect issues. With no intimation, the functions can be switched at any time.

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Ques. 16): What is docker swarm?

Answer: Group of Virtual machines with Docker Engine can be clustered and maintained as a single system and the resources also being shared by the containers and docker swarm master schedules the docker container in any of the machines under the cluster according to resource availability

Docker swarm init can be used to initiate docker swarm cluster and docker swarm join with the master IP from client joins the node into the swarm cluster.

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Ques. 17): What is a version control system?

Answer: Version Control System (VCS) is a software that helps software developers to work together and maintain a complete history of their work.

Some of the feature of VCS as follows:

•   Allow developers to wok simultaneously

•   Does not allow overwriting on each other changes.

•   Maintain the history of every version.

There are two types of Version Control Systems:

1.      Central Version Control System, Ex: Git, Bitbucket

2.      Distributed/Decentralized Version Control System, Ex: SVN

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Ques. 18): What is Git Bisect?

Answer: Git Bisect we use to pick bad commit out of all good commits. Often developers do some mistakes. For them it is very difficult to pick that commit where mistake is there. They go with building all commits one by one to pick bad commit. But Git bisect made their lives easy. Git bisect divides all commits equally in to two parts (bisecting equally). Now instead of building each commit, they go with building both parts. Where ever bad commit is there, that part build will be failed. We do operation many times till we get bad commit. So Git bisect allows you to find a bad commit out of good commits. You don’t have to trace down the bad commit by hand; git-bisect will do that for you.

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Ques. 19): What is IAC?

Answer: IAC means Infrastructure As Code. It is the process through which we automate all admin tasks. Here we write code in Ruby script in chef. When you apply this code, automatically code will be converted into Infrastructure. So here we are getting so many advantages in writing the code. Those are

1. Code is Testable (Testing code is easy compare to Infrastructure)

2. Code is Repeatable (Can re-use the same code again and again)

3. Code is Versionable (Can store in versions so that can get any previous versions at any time)

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Ques. 20): What is the role Of HTTP REST API in DevOps?

Answer: As Devops is purely focuses on Automating your infrastructure and provides changes over the pipeline for different stages like an each CI/CD pipeline will have stages like build, test, sanity test, UAT, Deployment to Prod environment as with each stage there are different tools is used and different technology stack is presented and there needs to be a way to integrate with different tool for completing a series toolchain, there comes a need for HTTP API , where every tool communicates with different tools using API , and even user can also use SDK to interact with different tools like BOTO for Python to contact AWS API’s for automation based on events , nowadays its not batch processing anymore , it is mostly event driven pipelines

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Top 20 AJAX Interview Questions and Answers

 

Ques. 1): Is AJAX a programming language?

Answer: 

No, it is not. AJAX is an innovative technique designed for the purpose of creating modern day rapidly performing web applications in order to make the world of internet faster and more conducive to users. Importantly, AJAX primarily makes use of asynchronous data transfer between the web server and the browser.

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Ques. 2): So, what do you think are the eventual objectives of AJAX in the first place?

Answer: 

AJAX has many potential objectives. First and foremost, it is used to mitigate the intensity of core network load, not to mention building a highly interactive user interface. Also, a reduced web server hit is one of the major goals of using AJAX. Additionally, platform and architecture neutrality continues to be the rudimentary aspects of AJAX. Moreover, it is also used for the purpose of both synchronous and asynchronous communication.

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Ques. 3): Is Ajax Just Another Name For Xmlhttprequest?

Answer: 

No. XMLHttpRequest is only part of the Ajax equation. XMLHttpRequest is the technical component that makes the asynchronous server communication possible; Ajax is our name for the overall approach described in the article, which relies not only on XMLHttpRequest, but on CSS, DOM, and other technologies.

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Ques. 4): Why Does Html_ajax Hang on Some Server Installs?

Answer: 

If you run into an HTML_AJAX problem only on some servers, chances are your running into a problem with output compression. If the output compression is handled in the PHP config we detect that and do the right thing, but if its done from an apache extension we have no way of knowing its going to compress the body. Some times setting HTML_AJAX::sendContentLength to false fixes the problem, but in other cases you'll need to disabled the extension for the AJAX pages.

I've also seen problems caused by debugging extensions like XDebug, disabling the extension on the server page usually fixes that. Questions dealing with Using HTML_AJAX, and general JavaScript development

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Ques. 5): Are Ajax Applications Easier To Develop Than Traditional Web Applications?

Answer: 

Not necessarily. Ajax applications inevitably involve running complex JavaScript code on the client. Making that complex code efficient and bug-free is not a task to be taken lightly, and better development tools and frameworks will be needed to help us meet that challenge.

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Ques. 6): What is the difference between proxied and proxyless calls in AJAX?

Answer: 

Proxied calls are made through stub objects which can be called from PHP classes on the JavaScript side in AJAX.

Proxyless calls are made using utility JavaScript functions like HTML_AJAX.replace() and HTML_AJAX.append() in AJAX.

 

Ques. 7): What are the pre-requisites to execute AJAX applications on a server?

Answer: 

AJAX is a built-in functionality of .NET Framework 4.0 and AJAX application can be executed by just installing Microsoft Visual Studio 2010. To use extenders in your applications, you are required to install AJAX Control Toolkit and copy the AjaxControlToolkit.dll file to the Bin directory of your application.

 

Ques. 8): One of the demerits of AJAX is the redundant flow of requests. How can we hope to tackle simultaneous requests in AJAX?

Answer: 

To tackle concurrent requests, the respective Java script functions need to be written. Having written the functions, the call back function can be applied as a parameter in order to tackle simultaneous requests. The concerned parameters are then passed to what is known as the Ajax Interaction object to tackle the concurrency of incoming requests.

 

Ques: 9): What do you understand by the script manager?

Answer: 

Chiefly, the Script Manager acts as a perfunctory mediator. It is essentially important for the management of the client-side script of AJAX. It is important to note that any page that uses AJAX has a Script Manager in order to enable the application of AJAX libraries.

 

Ques: 10): What Browsers Does Html_ajax Work With?

Answer: 

We don't have a list right now, but most of the API is stable as of 0.3.0, all the examples that ship with HTML_AJAX have been verified to work with

1.    Firefox 1.0+

2.    Internet Explorer 5.5+ (5.0 should work but it hasn't been tested)

Most things work with

1.    Safari 2+

2.    Opera 8.5+ of 0.3.0. There should be no major changes at this point, though there will be lots of new additions.

 

Ques: 11): How many types of triggers are present in update panel?

Answer: 

There are two types of triggers used in update panel:

•      PostBackTrigger – This works as full postback and it cannot work asynchronously

•      AsyncPostBackTrigger – Partial post back asynchronously

 

Ques: 12): What are the disadvantages of Ajax?

Answer: 

Following are the disadvantages of Ajax:

1.    AJAX is dependent on Javascript. If there is some Javascript problem with the browser or in the OS, Ajax will not support

2.    Ajax can be problematic in Search engines as it uses Javascript for most of its parts.

3.    Source code written in AJAX is easily human readable. There will be some security issues in Ajax.

4.    Debugging is difficult

5.    Increases size of the requests

6.    Slow and unreliable network connection.

7.    Problem with browser back button when using AJAX enabled pages.

 

Ques. 13): What is the difference between RegisterClientScriptBlock, RegisterClientScriptInclude and RegisterClientScriptResource?

Answer: 

Following are the functions:

•      RegisterClientScriptBlock – The script is specified as a string parameter.

•      RegisterClientScriptInclude – By setting the source attribute to a URL that point to a script file.

•      RegisterClientScriptResource – specifies Resource name in an assembly. The source attribute is automatically populated with a URL by a call to an HTTP handler that retrieves the named script from the assembly.

 

Ques. 14): What are the properties of XMLHttpRequest?

Answer: 

The important properties of the XMLHttpRequest object are given below.

•    onReadyStateChange - It is called whenever readystate attribute changes.

•    readyState - It represents the state of the request.

•    responseText - It returns response as text.

•    responseXML - It returns response as XML.

•    status - It returns the status number of a request.

•    statusText - It returns the details of status.

 

Ques. 15): What are the different ready states of a request in AJAX?

Answer: 

There are 5 ready states of a request in AJAX.

•    0 means UNOPENED

•    1 means OPENED

•    2 means HEADERS_RECEIVED

•    3 means LOADING

•    4 means DONE

 

Ques. 16): Won't My Server-side Framework Provide Me With Ajax?

Answer: 

You may be benefiting from AJAX already. Many existing Java based frameworks already have some level of AJAX interactions and new frameworks and component libraries are being developed to provide better AJAX support. I won't list all the Java frameworks that use AJAX here, out of fear of missing someone, but you can find a good list at www.ajaxpatterns.org/Java_Ajax_Frameworks.

If you have not chosen a framework yet it is recommended you consider using JavaServer Faces or a JavaServer Faces based framework. JavaServer Faces components can be created and used to abstract many of the details of generating JavaScript, AJAX interactions, and DHTML processing and thus enable simple AJAX used by JSF application developer and as plug-ins in JSF compatible IDE's, such as Sun Java Studio Creator.

 

Ques. 17): Is Adaptive Path Selling Ajax Components Or Trademarking The Name? Where Can I Download It?

Answer: 

Ajax isn’t something you can download. It’s an approach — a way of thinking about the architecture of web applications using certain technologies. Neither the Ajax name nor the approach is proprietary to Adaptive Path.

 

Ques. 18): Some Of The Google Examples You Cite Don't Use Xml At All. Do I Have To Use Xml And/or Xslt In An Ajax Application?

Answer: 

No. XML is the most fully-developed means of getting data in and out of an Ajax client, but there’s no reason you couldn’t accomplish the same effects using a technology like JavaScript Object Notation or any similar means of structuring data for interchange.

 

Ques. 19): Are There Any Security Issues With Ajax?

Answer: 

JavaScript is in plain view to the user with by selecting view source of the page. JavaScript cannot access the local file system without the user's permission. An AJAX interaction can only be made with the servers-side component from which the page was loaded. A proxy pattern could be used for AJAX interactions with external services.

You need to be careful not to expose your application model in such as way that your server-side components are at risk if a nefarious user to reverse engineer your application. As with any other web application, consider using HTTPS to secure the connection when confidential information is being exchanged.

 

Ques. 20): When Should I Use A Java Applet Instead Of Ajax?

Answer:

•    Applets provide features like custom data streaming, graphic manipulation, threading, and advanced GUIs which AJAX cannot.

•    However, with the help of DHTML, the functionalities of AJAX can be extended further.

•    AJAX requires that the browser be DHTML and AJAX capable.

•    AJAX-based functionality does need to take browser differences into consideration due to which using a JavaScript library such as Dojo which abstracts browser differences is recommended.

•    AJAX/DHTML works well for applications where the latest browsers are used.