Top 20 SQL Server Interview Questions and Answers

Ques: 1. What is SQL server agent?

Ans:

The SQL Server agent plays a vital role in day to day tasks of SQL server administrator (DBA). Server agent's purpose is to implement the tasks easily with the scheduler engine which allows our jobs to run at scheduled date and time.

Oracle Fusion Applications interview Questions and Answers

Ques: 2. What is a Trigger?

Ans:

Triggers are used to execute a batch of SQL code when insert or update or delete commands are executed against a table. Triggers are automatically triggered or executed when the data is modified. It can be executed automatically on insert, delete and update operations.

Oracle Accounts Payables Interview Questions and Answers

Ques: 3. What is the use of SET NOCOUNT ON/OFF statement?

Ans:

By default, NOCOUNT is set to OFF and it returns number of records got affected whenever the command is getting executed. If the user doesn't want to display the number of records affected, it can be explicitly set to ON- (SET NOCOUNT ON).

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Ques: 4. What is SQL injection?

Ans:

SQL injection is an attack by malicious users in which malicious code can be inserted into strings that can be passed to an instance of SQL server for parsing and execution. All statements have to checked for vulnerabilities as it executes all syntactically valid queries that it receives.

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Ques: 5. What will be the maximum number of index per table?

Ans: For SQL Server 2008 100 Index can be used as maximum number per table. 1 Clustered Index and 999 Non-clustered indexes per table can be used in SQL Server.

1000 Index can be used as maximum number per table.

1 Clustered Index and 999 Non-clustered indexes per table can be used in SQL Server.

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Ques: 6. What is Filtered Index?

Ans:

Filtered Index is used to filter some portion of rows in a table to improve query performance, index maintenance and reduces index storage costs. When the index is created with WHERE clause, then it is called Filtered Index

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Ques: 7. List the different index configurations possible for a table?

Ans:

A table can have one of the following index configurations:

No indexes
A clustered index
A clustered index and many non-clustered indexes
A non-clustered index
Many non-clustered indexes

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Ques: 8. What is sub query and its properties?

Ans:

A sub-query is a query which can be nested inside a main query like Select, Update, Insert or Delete statements. This can be used when expression is allowed. Properties of sub query can be defined as

A sub query should not have order by clause.
A sub query should be placed in the right hand side of the comparison operator of the main query.
A sub query should be enclosed in parenthesis because it needs to be executed first before the main query.
More than one sub query can be included.

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Ques: 9. What is Mirroring?

Ans:

Mirroring is a high availability solution. It is designed to maintain a hot standby server which is consistent with the primary server in terms of a transaction. Transaction Log records are sent directly from the principal server to a secondary server which keeps a secondary server up to date with the principal server.

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Ques: 10. What is an execution plan?

Ans:

An execution plan is a graphical or textual way of showing how the SQL server breaks down a query to get the required result. It helps a user to determine why queries are taking more time to execute and based on the investigation user can update their queries for the maximum result.

In Query Analyzer is an option called “Show Execution Plan” (located on the Query drop-down menu). If this option is turned on it will display a query execution plan in a separate window when a query is run again.

Oracle SQL Interview Questions and Answers

Ques: 11. What is a performance monitor?

Ans:

Windows performance monitor is a tool to capture metrics for the entire server. We can use this tool for capturing events of the SQL server also.

Some useful counters are – Disks, Memory, Processors, Network, etc.

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Ques: 12. What is the difference between a Local and a Global temporary table?

Ans:

If defined inside a compound statement a local temporary table exists only for the duration of that statement but a global temporary table exists permanently in the database but its rows disappear when the connection is closed.

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Ques: 13. What is the SQL Profiler?

Ans:

SQL Profiler provides a graphical representation of events in an instance of SQL Server for monitoring and investment purpose. We can capture and save the data for further analysis. We can put filters as well to captures the specific data we want.

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Ques: 14. What are the properties of the Relational tables?

Ans:

Relational tables have six properties:

Values are atomic.
Column values are of the same kind.
Each row is unique.
The sequence of columns is insignificant.
The sequence of rows is insignificant.
Each column must have a unique name.

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Ques: 15. What is View?

Ans:

A view is a virtual table that contains data from one or more tables. Views restrict data access of the table by selecting only required values and make complex queries easy.

Rows updated or deleted in the view are updated or deleted in the table the view was created with. It should also be noted that as data in the original table changes, so does data in the view, as views are the way to look at part of the original table. The results of using a view are not permanently stored in the database

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Ques: 16. Why is replication required on the SQL Server?

Ans:

Replication is the mechanism that is used to synchronize the data among the multiple servers with the help of a replica set.

This is mainly used to increase the capacity of the reading and to provide an option to its users to select among various servers to perform the read/write operations.

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Ques: 17. What part does database design have to play in the performance of a SQL Server-based application?

Ans.

It plays a very major part. When building a new system, or adding to an existing system, it is crucial that the design is correct. Ensuring that the correct data is captured and is placed in the appropriate tables, that the right relationships exist between the tables and that data redundancy is eliminated is an ultimate goal when considering performance. Planning a design should be an iterative process, and constantly reviewed as an application is developed. It is rare, although it should be the point that everyone tries to achieve, when the initial design and system goals are not altered, no matter how slightly. Therefore, a designer has to be on top of this and ensure that the design of the database remains efficient.

Ques: 18. What command is used to create a database in the SQL Server and how?

Ans:

CREATEDATABASE Command is used to create any database in the SQL Server. Following is the way to use this command:

CREATEDATABASE Name of the Database

Example: If the name of a database is “employee” then create command to create this database that can be written as CREATEDATABASE employee.

Ques: 19. What is an extended stored procedure? Can you instantiate a COM object

by using T-SQL?

Ans:

An extended stored procedure is a function within a DLL (written in a programming language like C, C++ using Open Data Services (ODS) API) that can be called from T-SQL, just the way we call normal stored procedures using the EXEC statement.

Yes, you can instantiate a COM (written in languages like VB, VC++) object from T-SQL by using sp_OACreate stored procedure.

Ques: 20. When should SQL Server-based cursors be used, and not be used?

Ans:

SQL Server cursors are perfect when you want to work one record at a time, rather than taking all the data from a table as a single bulk. However, they should be used with care as they can affect performance, especially when the volume of data increases.

From a beginner’s viewpoint, I really do feel that cursors should be avoided every time because if they are badly written, or deal with too much data, they really will impact a system’s performance. There will be times when it is not possible to avoid cursors, and I doubt if many systems exist without them. If you do find you need to use them, try to reduce the number of records to process by using a temporary table first, and then building the cursor from this. The lower the number of records to process, the faster the cursor will finish. Always try to think “out of the envelope”.

December 26, 2019

Top 20 Oracle SCM Interview Questions and Answers

Ques: 1. What is the difference between ‘Accrue On Receipt’ and ‘Accrue at Period End’?

Answer:

Accrue On Receipt means that when a receipt is saved, accrual transactions are immediately recorded and sent to the general ledger interface. This is also known as “online” accruals.

Accrue at Period End means that when a receipt is saved, the accrual transactions are not immediately recorded and sent to the general ledger; instead, the accounting entries are generated and sent at the end of the month by running the Receipt Accruals – Period-End Process.

All items with a destination type of either Inventory and Outside Processing are accrued on receipt. For items with a destination type of Expense, you have the option of accruing on receipt or at period end.

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Ques: 2. How many Key Flex Fields are there in inventory?

Answer:

Seven KFF are there in Inventory:

Account Alias
Item
Item Category
Item Catalogues
Stock Locators
Sales Order
Service Items

Oracle Accounts Payables Interview Questions and Answers

Ques: 3. What is the significance of the Document Total and Account Range types on the Approval Groups form?

Answer:

The Document Total type sets the maximum limit for any approval actions taken by the user whom the approval group applies to. If multiple Document Totals are specified, the restriction will be to the Document Total, which is the lowest.

The Account Range also allows for a document total which is then tied to a specific range of accounts listed on the same line. It is possible to have different account ranges with different amount Limits. This allows the same user to have a different dollar/account limit.

It is mandatory to have an account range specified in each approval group defined. By default, if there is not an account range defined, all accounts will then be excluded from the document approval process, which means that the documents will not have an ability to become approved.

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Ques: 4. How an requisition line with item number and without item number [one time item] be combined to single document line in autocreate?

Answer:

If you want to combine two requisition lines for the same item, one with an item number and one without, you have to manually autocreate the document and use Modify on the Tools menu to add the predefined item to the requisition line for the one time item.

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Ques: 5. What is the difference between Purchased and Purchasable Flag for an item?

Answer:

Purchasable is a status attribute flag, so based on this flag, certain transactions can be controlled for an item.
Purchased flag decides whether to purchase and receive this item.
Purchasable flag decides whether to order this item in a purchase order.
If purchasable is enabled, item can be ordered in a purchase order, if not, new purchase orders can’t be created and approved for the items.
If purchased is enabled, item can be received if already present in an approved purchase order.

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Ques: 6. I am using encumbrance accounting and when I forward a Purchase Order for approval, I am encountering the following error: APP-14166: Please enter a forward to employee or funds are not reserved. How would you resolve it?

Answer:

You must check the Reserve Funds check box when forwarding and/or approving a Purchase Order if you are using encumbrance. You can check to see if you are using encumbrance in Purchasing by doing the following:

1. Setup/Organizations/Financial Options
2. Change the Alternate Region to Encumbrance and see if the Use PO Encumbrance check box is checked.
3. Refer Note 1064155.6 for more details.

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Ques: 7. What are Reminder notifications?

Answer:

Once an approver doesn’t respond to approval notification for quite sometime, then a reminder notification can be sent out to the approver. You can send up to two reminders to an approver using the Timeout feature. You can also specify that after a certain period of time, the document be forwarded automatically to the next approver in the hierarchy. This feature has to be setup by you by changing the PO and/or Requisition approval workflow in Oracle Workflow Builder.

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Ques: 8. What is the significance of “PO: Convert Requisition UOM to Source Document UOM” profile option?

Answer:

Earlier in Autocreate if the requisition UOM is different from the BPA UOM the user would not be allowed to create a release. But in Create releases program this was possible. To make the behavior consistent we have introduced this profile option. If this profile is set to yes we allow the autocreation of the release with the quantity and UOM converted to that of the BPA. If the profile is set to yes we do not allow the creation of the req both in autocreate as well as the create releases program.

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Ques: 9. What are the difference in Lot and Serial?

Answer:

Lot control is to control a whole batch of items. for example, in drug industry we have batch number which can be controlled using lot where we can track the complete batch using specific data.

Serial control is to monitor and track every single qty of an item like electronic devices where we track by serial number.

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Ques: 10. What is the difference between the agreed amount and the amount limit fields while entering a contract purchase agreement and issues related to these fields?

Answer:

i) The agreed amount field at the header level is copied to the amount limit in the terms and conditions block. This is also the amount that is printed on the blanket agreement and represents the contract amount between you and the vendor.

ii)The amount limit field will restrict the cumulative releases applied to this purchase agreement from exceeding the specified dollar amount entered here. The value of this field must be equal to or greater than the agreed amount field. This column is used for release approval amount validation. If the total cumulative releases exceed this amount approval will fail. The purpose of this field is to allow user to set a higher approval amount limit than the amount agreed.

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Ques: 11. How Warehouse Management System (WMS) is helpful compared to Inventory?

Answer:

Warehouse Management (WMS) enables companies to maximize their utilization of labor, space and equipment investments by coordinating and optimizing resource usage and material flows. Specifically designed to support the needs of distribution, manufacturing, asset-intensive, and service businesses, Oracle WMS provides a single-platform across your entire global supply chain.

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Ques: 12. Why is there no category displayed or list of values for the category field in the purchase order you are creating?

Answer:

You must also create category codes for your items. Then create a Category set for Purchasing controlled at the master level. Assign your items to a category code and the Purchasing category set you have created. Confirm that in Default Category Sets the Purchasing application points to the Purchasing Category set. This will populate the category and description when the item number is selected at the PO line level.

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Ques: 13. When the charge account field is non updateable?

Answer:

In the following cases the charge account field is not updateable:

1. If the destination type code is INVENTORY or SHOP FLOOR.
2. If the distribution is already encumbered.
3. If the PO is created from a encumbered Requisition
4. If the destination type code is Expense and

If the project is entered and the profile option PA_ALLOW_FLEXBUILDER_OVERRIDES is set to NO. If the expense accrual code= RECEIPT

Ques: 14. How many Transaction Types exist?

Answer:

Receive – Receive the items into Receiving Dock.
Deliver – Deliver the items into expense or inventory destination.
Return to Vendor – Return the received items directly to vendors.
Return to Receiving – Return the delivered items to Receiving Dock or inspection.
Accept – Accept items following an inspection.
Reject – Reject items following an inspection.
Transfer – Transfer items between locations.
Correct – Enter a positive or negative adjustment to a receiving or delivery transaction.
Match – Match unordered receipts to purchase orders.
Unordered – Receive items without purchase orders

Ques: 15. What is a Sub Inventory?

Answer:

Sub inventories can be defined as:

Subinventiries are unique physical or logical separations of material inventory. These can be raw material, finished goods or defective material sub inventory. You must define at least one sub inventory.

Sub inventories are of two types: storage and receiving.

Storage sub inventories are intermediate, or final put away locations for material. Material that resides in a storage sub inventory appears in on hand quantity and is tracked by the system. The system can book orders against and use manufacturing processes on material that resides in a storage sub inventory. You must define at least one storage sub inventory for your implementation.
Receiving type sub inventory is only used for receiving items. Items in this sub inventories cannot be on-hand or reserved.

Ques: 16. How are Lot and Serial Numbers handled in Inter-Organization Transfers?

Answer:

When you perform an inter organization transfer, the source and destination organization may have different lot/serial controls. Purchasing handles this situation as follows:

1. When the source organization uses controls and the destination organization does not, the control numbers are recorded as being issued from the source organization. Lot/serial transactions are recorded for the destination organization.

2. When the source organization does not use controls and the destination organization does, the transaction is processed normally.

3. When both source and destination organizations use controls, the control numbers are recorded as being issued from the source organization. These control numbers are tracked to insure that the same control numbers that were shipped are the ones
that are received. When items are returned from inventory to receiving or to the supplier, only the control numbers originally recorded for the delivery transaction can be used.

Ques:17. What is Pay On Receipt?

Answer:

Pay on Receipt (also known as ERS (Evaluated Receipt Settlement) or Self-Billing) is an Oracle Purchasing’s concurrent program, which automatically creates invoices in Oracle Payables and matches them with PO’s automatically for the received amount. The short name for the program is POXPOIV.

Ques: 18. How can you have specific Requestor defaulted on Requisition form?

Answer:

In order to have a specific requestor default onto the requisitions form, the user will have to set the following in the user’s requisition preferences.

Navigation: /Purchasing -> Requisitions -> Requisitions Go to special ->preferences

Click in the requestor field Choose a requestor from the list of values Click the ‘apply’ button, a message ‘ new preferences now in effect.’
Close the requisitions form Re-open the requisitions form Click in the lines region, the requestor from requisition preferences should appear in the requestor field.
The requisition preferences are only valid while working on it , user needs to re enter requisition preferences each time he starts the applications.

Ques: 19. How does the Payment due days calculated if 30 days means will it be from invoice date or material receiving date?

Answer: Due days calculation is based on what you set up in the PAYMENT tab window of Supplier Master form.

It has Four options:

1. Goods Received
2. Invoice
3. Invoice received
4. System

Ques: 20.. Is it possible to have all requisitions created from Inventory – Min-Max Planning to be imported with a status of INCOMPLETE?

Answer:

Yes, it is possible to have all requisitions created from Min-Max Planning with a status of INCOMPLETE. If the desired outcome is Min-Max requisitions showing a status of INCOMPLETE, it is necessary to set the profile option: INV: MinMax Reorder Approval to Incomplete. Conversely, if this profile option is set to Approved, all requisitions imported from Min-Max Planning will be imported with an approval status based on the approval authority of the user initiating the Requisition Import process.

December 23, 2019

Top 20 AWS (Amazon Web Services ) Interview Questions and Answers

Ques: 1. What is Data warehouse in AWS?

Answer:

Data ware house is a central repository for data that can come from one or more sources. Organization typically use data warehouse to compile reports and search the database using highly complex queries. Data warehouse also typically updated on a batch schedule multiple times per day or per hour compared to an OLTP (Online Transaction Processing) relational database that can be updated thousands of times per second.

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Ques: 2. What is NAT Instance and NAT Gateway?

Answer:

NAT instance: A network address translation (NAT) instance is an Amazon Linux machine Image (AMI) that is designed to accept traffic from instances within a private subnet, translate the source IP address to the Public IP address of the NAT instance and forward the traffic to IWG.

NAT Gateway: A NAT gateway is an Amazon managed resources that is designed to operate just like a NAT instance, but it is simpler to manage and highly available within an availability Zone. To allow instance within a private subnet to access internet resources through the IGW via a NAT gateway.

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Ques: 3. What type of performance can you expect from Elastic Block Storage? How do you back it up and enhance the performance?

Answer:

Performance of an elastic block storage varies i.e. it can go above the SLA performance level and after that drop below it. SLA provides an average disk I/O rate which can at times frustrate performance experts who yearn for reliable and consistent disk throughput on a server. Virtual AWS instances do not behave this way. One can backup EBS volumes through a graphical user interface like elasticfox or use the snapshot facility through an API call. Also, the performance can be improved by using Linux software raid and striping across four volumes.

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Ques: 4. How will you access the data on EBS in AWS?

Answer:

Elastic block storage as the name indicates provides persistent, highly available and high-performance block level storage that can be attached to a running EC2 instance. The storage can formatted and mounted as a file system or the raw storage can be accessed directly.

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Ques: 5. Is it possible to vertically scale on an Amazon Instance? If yes, how?

Answer:

Following are the steps to scale an Amazon Instance vertically –

Spin up a larger Amazon instance than the existing one.
Pause the existing instance to remove the root ebs volume from the server and discard.
Stop the live running instance and detach its root volume.
Make a note of the unique device ID and attach that root volume to the new server.
Start the instance again.

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Ques: 6. What is the total number of buckets that can be created in AWS by default?

Answer:

100 buckets can be created in each of the AWS accounts. If additional buckets are required, increase the bucket limit by submitting a service limit increase.

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Ques: 7. How will you configure an instance with the application and its dependencies, and make it ready to serve traffic?

Answer:

You can achieve this with the use of life cycle hooks. They are powerful as they let you pause the creation or termination of an instance so that you can sneak peak in and perform custom actions like configuring the instance, downloading the required files, and any other steps that are required to make the instance ready. Every auto scaling group can have multiple life cycle hooks.

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Ques: 8. What are some of the key best practices for security in Amazon EC2?

Answer:

Create individual IAM (Identity and Access Management) users to control access to your AWS recourses.
Creating separate IAM user provides separate credentials for every user making it possible to assign different permissions to each user based on the access requirements.
Secure the AWS Root account and its access keys.
Harden EC2 instances by disabling unnecessary services and applications by installing only necessary software and tools on EC2 instances.
Grant least privileges by opening permissions that are required to perform a specific task and not more than that. Additional permissions can be granted as required.
Define and review the security group rules on a regular basis.
Have a well-defined strong password policy for all the users.
Deploy anti-virus software on the AWS network to protect it from Trojans, Viruses, etc.

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Ques: 9. What are the important features of a classic load balancer in EC2?

Answer:

· The high availability feature ensures that the traffic is distributed among EC2 instances in single or multiple availability zones. This ensures high scale of availability for incoming traffic.

· Classic load balancer can decide whether to route the traffic or not based on the results of health check.

· You can implement secure load balancing within a network by creating security groups in a VPC.

· Classic load balancer supports sticky sessions which ensure that the traffic from a user is always routed to the same instance for a seamless experience.

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Ques: 10. What happens when you reboot an EC2 instance?

Answer:

Rebooting an instance is just like rebooting a PC. You do not return to image’s original state; however, the contents of the hard disk are same as before the reboot.

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Ques: 11. What Are the main features of Amazon Cloud Front?

Answer:

Amazon Cloud Front is a web service that speeds up delivery of your static and dynamic web content, such as .html, .css, .js, and image files, to your users. CloudFront delivers your content through a universal network of data centres called edge locations

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Ques: 12. Explain storage for Amazon Ec2 Instance?

Answer:

An instance store is a provisional storing type located on disks that are physically attached to a host machine. … This article will present you to the AWS instance store storage type, compare it to AWS Elastic Block Storage (AWS EBS), and show you how to backup data stored on instance stores to AWS EBS

Amazon SQS is a message queue service used by scattered requests to exchange messages through a polling model, and can be used to decouple sending and receiving components

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Ques: 13. What is AWS Certificate Manager?

Answer:

AWS Certificate Manager is an administration that lets you effortlessly arrangement, oversee, and send open and private Secure Sockets Layer/Transport Layer Security (SSL/TLS) endorsements for use with AWS administrations and your inward associated assets. SSL/TLS declarations are utilized to anchor arrange interchanges and set up the character of sites over the Internet and additionally assets on private systems. AWS Certificate Manager expels the tedious manual procedure of obtaining, transferring, and reestablishing SSL/TLS endorsements.

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Ques: 14. What is the AWS Key Management Service?

Answer:

AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) is an overseen benefit that makes it simple for you to make and control the encryption keys used to scramble your information. AWS KMS is additionally coordinated with AWS CloudTrail to give encryption key use logs to help meet your inspecting, administrative and consistence needs.

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Ques: 15. What is Amazon EMR?

Answer:

Amazon Elastic MapReduce (EMR) is one such administration that gives completely oversaw facilitated Hadoop system over Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2).

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Ques: 16. What is Amazon Kinesis Firehose?

Answer:

Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose is the least demanding approach to dependably stack gushing information into information stores and examination devices. … It is a completely overseen benefit that consequently scales to coordinate the throughput of your information and requires no continuous organization.

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Ques: 17. What Is Amazon CloudSearch and its highlights?

Answer:

Amazon CloudSearch is a versatile cloud-based hunt benefit that frames some portion of Amazon Web Services (AWS). CloudSearch is normally used to incorporate tweaked seek abilities into different applications. As indicated by Amazon, engineers can set a pursuit application up and send it completely in under 60 minutes.

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Ques: 18. What is the Difference between the Service Role and SAML Federated Role?

Answer:

Service Role are meant for usage of AWS Services and based upon the policies attached to it, it will have the scope to do its task. Example : In case of automation we can create a service role and attached to it.

Federated Roles are meant for User Access and getting access to AWS as per designed role. Example: We can have a federated role created for our office employee and corresponding to that a Group will be created in the AD and user will be added to it.

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Ques: 19. Distinguish between Scalability and Flexibility?

Answer:

Cloud computing offers industries flexibility and scalability when it comes to computing needs:

Flexibility. Cloud computing agrees your workers to be more flexible – both in and out of the workplace. Workers can access files using web-enabled devices such as smartphones, laptops and notebooks. In this way, cloud computing empowers the use of mobile technology.

One of the key assistances of using cloud computing is its scalability. Cloud computing allows your business to easily expensive or downscale your IT requests as and when required. For example, most cloud service workers will allow you to increase your existing resources to accommodate increased business needs or changes. This will allow you to support your commercial growth without exclusive changes to your present IT systems.

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Ques: 20 What is SES, SQS and SNS?

Answer:

SES (Simple Email Service): SES is SMTP server provided by Amazon which is designed to send bulk mails to customers in a quick and cost-effective manner.SES does not allows to configure mail server.

SQS (Simple Queue Service): SQS is a fast, reliable and scalable, fully managed message queuing service. Amazon SQS makes it simple and cost Effective. It’s temporary repository for messages to waiting for processing and acts as a buffer between the component producer and the consumer.

SNS (Simple Notification Service): SNS is a web service that coordinates and manages the delivery or sending of messages to recipients.

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