Showing posts with label service. Show all posts
Showing posts with label service. Show all posts

November 17, 2021

Top 20 Edge Computing Interview Questions & Answers


Ques: 1). What is edge computing, and how does it work?

Answer:

With the passage of time, technology tends to become smaller and faster. As a result, previously "dumb" items such as light bulbs and door locks can now contain modest CPUs and RAM. They can perform calculations and provide information on usage. This computing enables analytics to be performed at the network's most granular levels, often known as the edge.

Edge computing puts processing power closer to the end user or the data source. In practise, this implies relocating computation and storage from the cloud to a local location, such as an edge server. Read more about edge computing in our overview.

 

Ques: 2). Is the footprint of this edge service appropriate for my needs?

Answer:

Different edge computing applications may have drastically different needs for geographic coverage and proximity. Consider the requirements of your project. Edge computer nodes could be located within or near each factory, but only for a limited number of locations.

The creator of an augmented reality programme that customers can use in stores to get real-time product ratings and pricing comparisons might want edge nodes on every street corner, or as near to that as possible.

 

Ques: 3). Why Edge Computing?

Answer:

This technique optimises bandwidth efficiency by analysing data at the edge, as opposed to the cloud, which requires data transfer from the IoT, which requires high bandwidth, making it beneficial for application in remote locations at low cost. It enables smart applications and devices to react to data practically simultaneously, which is critical in business and self-driving automobiles. It can process data without putting it on a public cloud, which assures complete security.

While on an extended network, data may become corrupt, compromising the data's dependability for companies to use. The utilisation of cloud computing is limited by data computation at the edge.

 

Ques: 4).  What are the main Key Benefits and services Of Edge Computing?

Answer:

  • Faster response time.
  • Security and Compliance.
  • Cost-effective Solution.
  • Reliable Operation With Intermittent Connectivity.

Edge Cloud Computing Services:

  • IOT (Internet Of Things)
  • Gaming
  • Health Care
  • Smart City
  • Intelligent Transportation
  • Enterprise Security

 

Ques: 5). Is there really a need for that much computation at the edge?

Answer:

Another way to phrase this question is: Which data-intensive tasks would benefit the most from network offloading? Not all applications will be eligible, and many will require data aggregation that is beyond the capability of local computing. Look for situations where processing data closer to the consumer or data source would be more efficient. These three, according to Steven Carlini, are the best prospects for edge computing.

 

Ques: 6). Is there really a need for that much computation at the edge?

Answer:

Another way to phrase this question is: Which data-intensive tasks would benefit the most from network offloading? Not all applications will be eligible, and many will require data aggregation that is beyond the capability of local computing. Look for situations where processing data closer to the consumer or data source would be more efficient. These three, according to Steven Carlini, are the best prospects for edge computing.

 

Ques: 7). How much storage should be available at the edge?

Answer:

Large volumes of data that would have been saved in the cloud will now be stored locally thanks to edge computing. While storage technology is inexpensive, management costs are not. Will the cost of keeping and managing device data at the edge justify the move? How will edge devices be protected?

Processing data at the edge, rather than uploading raw data to the cloud, may be a better way to secure user privacy. Edge computing's dispersed nature, on the other hand, renders intelligent edge devices more susceptible to malware outbreaks and security breaches.

 

Ques: 8). Why is it important to concentrate on edge computing right now?

Answer:

Edge is ripe now, thanks to new technology and demand for new applications. Consumers seek reduced latency for content-driven experiences, while businesses need local processing for security and redundancy. If you're interested in learning more about where edge computing is going, check out our article on the future of edge computing.

 

Ques: 9). What kind of apps, services, or business strategies would your edge computing platform deliver?

Answer:

Determine which workloads should run on the edge rather than in a central location, if you haven't previously, says Yugal Joshi, vice president of Everest Group. IT leaders should also look into whether any existing initiatives (such as IoT or AI) could benefit from edge processing.

 

Ques: 10). Will the organization's operating model have to alter as a result of edge computing?

Answer:

The usage of edge computing to support operational technologies is common. In such circumstances, technology leaders must determine who will own and manage the edge environment, whether greater alignment between the operating and information technology groups is required, and how performance will be monitored.

 

Ques: 11). What is the distinction between edge computing, cloud computing, and fog computing?

Answer:

Data collection, storage, and calculation are all done on edge devices in edge computing.

Cloud computing is the storing and computation of data on servers that are primarily more powerful and connected to edge devices. The edge devices transfer their data across the network to the cloud, where it is processed by a more sophisticated system.

Fog computing is a hybrid of the two approaches. The cloud servers are sometimes too far away from the edge devices for data analytics to happen quickly enough. As a result, a fog computing intermediary device is set up as a hub between two fog computing devices. This device does the computation and analytics required by the edge device.

 

Ques: 12). What role does a database play in edge computing?

Answer:

A device on the edge must be able to store and manage the data it generates efficiently. These devices have very little CPU and storage space, and they may power cycle frequently and unpredictably. A database system is the only means to store and use data in a secure manner. Additionally, the data may need to be easily transferred to a cloud system or accessed from a remote location. A database system  with SymmetricDS can provide a developer with a simple set of APIs to accomplish this.

 

Ques: 13). What is the sturdiness of this edge solution? How will the edge provider ensure that the application recovers if it fails?

Answer:

As businesses move beyond experimenting with edge computing to leveraging it for more significant applications, questions like these will become increasingly essential. To mitigate the risks of the innovative edge components, IT architects will want to use tried-and-true technologies whenever possible. Service level agreements and quality of service guarantees are important to business leaders. Even so, there will be setbacks.

 

Ques: 14). What is our long-term plan for managing edge resources?

Answer:

It's difficult enough to manage network and computer resources that are split between company data centres and the cloud. The difficulty could be amplified with edge computing.

You should inquire about what systems management resources an edge service provider provides, as well as how well-known systems management software vendors are addressing the unique aspects of edge computing.

There's also the issue of labour division: how much control will the enterprise have over how software is deployed to and updated on edge nodes? How much of that will it entrust to a third-party service provider?Will the enterprise even have the option of exercising control over the management of cloud nodes, or will the service provider consider that its own business?

 

Ques: 15). What safeguards do we have in place to avoid becoming enslaved to this cutting-edge solution?

Answer:

For the most part, open source software and open standards have prevailed in the cloud, and they're likely to win on the edge for the same reasons, according to Drobot. Open internet technologies are the most adaptable and portable, making them popular among clients as well as cloud providers who need to improve their solutions on a regular basis. He predicts that the same dynamics will apply to edge computing. The biggest exceptions so far have been related to edge computing resource metering and billing technology. Technology for managing edge computing that is specific to a particular vendor’s environment could make it harder to move your applications elsewhere.

 

Ques: 16). How might edge computing aid in the real-time visualisation of my business?

Answer:

Because data is handled in parallel across several edge nodes, edge computing allows industrial data to be processed more efficiently. Furthermore, because data is computed at the edge, delay from a round trip across the local network, to the cloud, and back is not required. Edge computing is hence well suited for real-time applications. Edge computing can assist in the prevention of equipment failure by detecting and forecasting when faults may occur, allowing operators to respond earlier. Real-time KPIs can provide decision makers with a complete picture of their system's state. Identifying which information is most valuable to receive in real-time can scope edge computing projects to focus on what’s important.

 

Ques: 17). How can I put Machine Learning to work at the edge?

Answer:

At the edge, machine learning algorithms can reduce raw sensor data by removing duplicates and other noise. Machine Learning can greatly reduce the amount of data that has to be transferred over local networks or kept in the cloud or other database systems by identifying useful information and discarding the rest. Machine learning in edge installations ensures cheaper running costs and more efficient operation of downstream applications.

 

Ques: 18). Where do you see possibilities for integrating with existing systems?

Answer:

According to a survey conducted by IDC Research, 60% of IT workers have five or more analytical databases, and 25% have more than ten. Edge computing allows these external systems to be integrated into a single real-time experience. Edge computing systems can easily consider other systems as new nodes in the system by employing bridges and connections, whereas integration has previously been a big difficulty. As a result, seeing integration opportunities early on can help you get the most out of your edge computing solution.

 

Ques: 19). What kinds of costly incidents may be avoided if I was alerted sooner?

Answer:

Edge computing architectures' real-time advantages can help minimise costly downtime and other unintended consequences. You may more effectively prioritise the desired objectives for your edge computing project by analysing which events can be the most disruptive to your organisation. Edge computing can assist identify the conditions that cause failure in real-time and enable operators to intervene sooner, whether your objective is to reduce downtime, develop an effective predictive maintenance strategy, or ensure that logistical operations are made more efficient.

 

Ques: 20). What can I do to make it more secure?

Answer:

Edge deployments are complicated, as each node adds to the vulnerability surface area. As a result, security planning is vital to the success of any edge computing project. Edge computing enables the encryption of critical data at the point of origin, ensuring an end-to-end security solution. Additional security steps can be taken by separating edge services from the rest of the programme, guaranteeing that even if one node is hacked, the remainder of the application can continue to function normally.



Top 20 Apache ActiveMQ Interview Questions & Answers

 

Ques: 1). What exactly is ActiveMQ?

Answer: 

Apache Message-oriented middleware (MOM) is a type of software that transmits messages between applications, and ActiveMQ is one of them. ActiveMQ facilitates loose coupling of elements in an IT system using standards-based, asynchronous communication, which is frequently basic to business messaging and distributed applications. Messages are translated from sender to receiver using ActiveMQ. Instead of requiring both the client and the server to be online at the same time in order to interact, it can connect numerous clients and servers and allow messages to be queued.


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Ques: 2). In Apache ActiveMQ, what are clusters?

Answer: 

Load balancing of messages on a queue between consumers is supported by ActiveMQ in a stable and high-performance manner. This scenario is known as the competing consumers pattern in corporate integration. The principle is illustrated in the diagram below: Interview questions for Activemq

The burden is distributed in an extremely fluid manner. In high-load periods, more consumers might be provisioned and joined to the queue without changing any queue setup, as the new consumer would behave like any other competing consumer. Better availability than load-balanced systems. To determine whether real-servers are offline, load balancers often use a monitoring system. A failed consumer will not compete for messages if there are competing consumers, so messages will not be given to it even if it is not monitored.


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Ques: 3). What Is The Difference Between ActiveMQ And AmQP?

Answer: 

The Advanced Message Queue Protocol is a wire-level protocol for client-to-messaging-broker communication that serves as a specification for how messaging clients and brokers will interact.

AMQP is a message protocol rather than a messaging system like ActiveMQ.

Open wire protocols, such as OpenWire, a fast binary format, are supported by AMQP.

Stomp is a text-based protocol that is simple to implement.

MQTT is a little binary format designed for restricted devices over a shaky network.


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Ques: 4). What distinguishes ActiveMQ from other messaging systems?

Answer: 

  • It is a Java messaging service implementation, therefore it contains all of Java's features.
  • Extremely persistent
  • It has a high level of security and authentication.
  • Various brokers can form a cluster and collaborate with one another.
  • ActiveMQ offers a number of client APIs in a range of languages.


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Ques: 5). What are the most important advantages of ActiveMQ?

Answer: 

  • Allows users to combine many languages with various operating systems.
  • Allows for location transparency.
  • Communication that is both reliable and effective
  • It's simple to scale up and offers asynchronous communication.
  • Reduced coupling


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Ques: 6). What are ActiveMQ's biggest drawbacks?

Answer: 

It's a complicated mechanism that only allows one thread per connection.


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Ques: 7), In ActiveMQ, what is a topic?

Answer: 

Virtual Topics are a hybrid of Topics and Queues, with listeners consuming messages from the queues as messages to the topic.

ActiveMQ assists in replicating and duplicating every message from the topic to the actual consumers queues.


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Ques: 8). What is the difference between Activemq and Fuse Message Broker?

Answer: 

Multiple Protocol Messaging is a Java-based message broker that supports industry-standard protocols and allows users to choose from a wide range of client languages, including JavaScript, C, C++, and Python.

Fuse Message Broker is a distributor of FuseSource's Apache ActiveMQ, which it develops and updates as part of the Apache ActiveMQ community.

Bug fixes are more likely to come from the Fuse Broker release than from an official Apache ActiveMQ release.


AWS Database Interview Questions & Answers


Ques: 9). What exactly is KahaDB?

Answer: 

KahaDB is a file-based persistence database that runs on the same machine as the message broker. It has been designed to be persistent in a short amount of time. Since ActiveMQ 5.4, it has been the default storage mechanism. Compared to its predecessor, the AMQ Message Store, KahaDB consumes fewer file descriptors and recovers faster.

 

Ques: 10). What exactly is LevelDB?

Answer: 

LevelDB is a somewhat faster index than KahaDB, with slightly better performance figures. The LevelDB store will allow replication in forthcoming ActiveMQ releases.

 

Ques: 11). What's the difference between RabbitMQ and ActiveMQ?

Answer: 

ActiveMQ is a Java-scripted open-source message broker that is built on the Java Message Service client. The RabbitMQ protocol is based on the Advanced Message Queuing protocol.

 

Ques: 12). What are the benefits of using a combination of topics and queues instead of traditional topics?

Answer: 

There will be no lost communications even if a customer is offline. All messages are copied to the queues that have been registered by ActiveMQ.

A dead letter queue will be set up if a customer is unable to process a message. Without affecting the other consumers, the consumer can be resolved and the message forwarded to his own dedicated queue.

To implement a load balancing mechanism we can register multiple instances of a consumer on a queue.

 

Ques: 13). If the ActiveMQ server is unavailable, what should I do?

Answer: 

This begins with ActiveMQ's storage mechanism. Non-persistent messages are stored in memory under typical conditions, while persistent messages are stored in files, with their maximum limitations set in the configuration file's node. When the number of non-persistent messages reaches a specific threshold and memory becomes scarce, ActiveMQ will write the non-persistent messages in memory to a temporary file to free up space Despite the fact that they are all saved in files, the distinction between persistent messages and non-persistent temporary files is that persistent messages will be restored from the file after restart, whereas non-persistent temporary files would be removed immediately.

 

Ques: 14). What happens if the file size exceeds the configuration's maximum limit?

Answer: 

Set a 2GB persistent file limit and mass-produce persistent messages until the file exceeds its limit. The producer is currently prohibited, but the consumer can connect and consume the message as usual. The producer can continue to transmit messages after a portion of the message has been eaten and the file has been erased to make room, and the service will automatically revert to normal.

Set a 2GB limit on temporary files, mass-produce non-persistent messages, and write temporary files. When the maximum limit is reached, the producer is blocked, and consumers can still connect but not consume messages, or consumers who were previously sluggish consumers suddenly consume Stop. The complete system is linked, but it is unable to give services, causing it to hang.

 

Ques: 15). What is message-oriented middleware, and how does it work?

Answer: 

Message-oriented middleware (MOM) is a software or hardware framework that allows distributed systems to send and receive messages. MOM simplifies the development of applications that span different operating systems and network protocols by allowing application modules to be distributed across heterogeneous platforms. The middleware establishes a distributed communications layer that hides the intricacies of the multiple operating systems and network interfaces from the application developer.

 

Ques: 16). What is the benefit of Activemq over other options such as databases?

Answer: 

Activemq is a messaging system that allows two distributed processes to communicate successfully. It can keep messages in a database to communicate between processes, but you'd have to erase them as soon as they were received. For each message, this means a row insert and remove. When you try to scale that up to hundreds of messages per second, databases start to break down.

Message-oriented middleware, such as ActiveMQ, is designed to handle these scenarios. They assume that messages will be erased promptly in a healthy system and can make optimizations to prevent the overhead. It can also push messages to consumers rather than requiring them to poll for fresh messages via SQL queries. This minimises the amount of time it takes for new messages to be processed into the system.

 

Ques: 17). What are some of the platforms supported by ActiveMQ?

Answer: 

Some of the common platforms supported by ActiveMQ include:

Any java platform that has an update of 5.0 or more.

J2EE 1.4 is another platform

JMS 1.1

JCA 1.5 resource adaptor

 

Ques: 18). Make a distinction between ActiveMQ and Mule.

Answer: 

ActiveMQ is a messaging service with a lot of options for both the broker and the client. Mule, on the other side, is an ESB that may provide executive functionality to merely the broker by exchanging messages between various software components.

Mule's architecture is such that it is designed to provide a programming configuration that is feasible for integrating applications between a database and an operating system. Mule, on the other hand, does not support any form of native messaging system, hence it is typically used in conjunction with ActiveMQ. the user is required to introduce different and unique frameworks to define various boundaries for connectivity.

 

Ques: 19). What is the process for dealing with an application server using JMS connections?

Answer: 

The server session is created with the help of an application server, which then stores them in a pool. An association buyer uses the server's session to place messages in JMS sessions. The JMS session is created by a server session. The messaging audience is created by an application produced by application software engineers.

 

Ques: 20). What distinguishes ActiveMQ from the spread toolkit?

Answer: 

Spread Toolkit is a C++ library for informing, with only rudimentary support for JMS. It does not support robust informing, exchanges, XA, or JMS 1.1 in its entirety. It's also depending on a locally installed version of Spread inspiration. Apache ActiveMQ, on the other hand, is the JMS provider used in Apache Geronimo. It is J2EE 1.4 certified in Geronimo and is a completely pure version of the Java programming language. ActiveMQ supports real-time and persistent messaging, exchanges, XA, J2EE 1.4, JMS 1.1, JCA 1.5, and a slew of other features like Message Groups and Clustering.