Top 20 AWS Solution Architect Interview Questions & Answers

  

Ques: 1). I have a few private servers, and I also use the public cloud to share some workloads. What kind of structure is this?

Answer:

The hybrid cloud is created when both private and public cloud services are combined. When private and public clouds are virtually housed on the same network, it is easy to comprehend a hybrid architecture.

 

AWS RedShift Interview Questions and Answers

Ques: 2). What's the difference between stopping and terminating an instance?

Answer:

Stopping an Instance: When you stop an instance, it goes through a standard shutdown process. Its Amazon EBS volume, on the other hand, remains attached, and you may restart the instance whenever you want. The advantage of stopping an instance is that you will not be charged for that instance once it has been terminated.

Terminating an Instance: When an instance is terminated, it goes through a normal shutdown and any Amazon EBS volumes attached to the instance are destroyed at the same time. You cannot restart an instance once it has been terminated.

AWS Lambda Interview Questions & Answers

Ques: 3). What distinguishes a Spot Instance from a Reserved or On-Demand Instance?

Answer:

Pricing models include Spot instances, Reserved instances, and On-demand instances. Users can buy compute power without making an upfront investment using a spot instance, however they must pay hourly, which is lower than the on-demand instance fee in each area.

Spot instances are analogous to bidding, and the Spot Price is the bidding price for these instances. The price may fluctuate due to availability and demand, but you will never pay more than the maximum amount mentioned. In the event that spot prices rise above the maximum price, the EC2 instances will automatically shut down. The opposite is not true: if spot prices fall, EC2 Instances are not instantly launched. It's possible to do it manually.

There is no obligation on the part of the user for Spot and On-demand instances. In the case of Reserved Instances, however, one must keep to the time period that was previously selected.

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Ques: 4). In AWS, which instance type should you use to deploy a 4-node Hadoop cluster?

Answer:

Each Hadoop cluster is built on a master-slave model, in which the master system processes the data and the slave machine acts as a data node. Because all of the processing is done on the master system, it requires a high-capacity CPU and RAM, and because all of the storage is done on the slave machine, a large hard disc is required.

You have complete control over the machine's setup based on the workload. If you don't want to configure the computer manually, you can immediately launch an Amazon EMR instance that will do it for you. You dump the data to be processed in S3, EMR picks the data from there, processes it, and dumps it back to the S3.

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Ques: 5). Is a single Elastic IP address sufficient for all running instances?

Answer:

Each instance has its own public and private addresses. When an instance is stopped or terminated, it returns a private address that is unique to that instance. Similarly, until the instance is halted or terminated, a public address is connected only with it. However, an EIP (Elastic IP address) can be assigned to an instance that will remain active until the user detaches it manually. In the event that you are hosting multiple websites on your EC2 server, you will require different EIP numbers.

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Ques: 6). Is it possible to use an S3 bucket with EC2 Instances as well?

Answer:

Yes, it's possible to utilise it with root devices that are backed up by local instances storage. Amazon S3 gives developers access to the same dependable and expensive data storage infrastructure that Amazon uses to power its global websites.

AWS(Amazon Web Services) Interview Questions & Answers

Ques: 7). Explain how to use Amazon Instance to vertically scale.

Answer:

The following are the steps to vertically scale on Amazon:

1. Upgrade from the current instance to a new larger instance.
2. Pause the previous instance and discard it by detaching the root web volumes from the servers.
3. Now stop the live instance and also detach its root volume.
4. Attach the root volume to the new server after you note the unique device ID.
5. And finally, restart it.

AWS Database Interview Questions & Answers

Ques: 8). What does a buffer do in Amazon web services?

Answer:

The buffer is used to make the system more robust for managing traffic or load by synchronising multiple components. The components, in general, receive and process requests in an uneven manner. When the buffer is used, however, the components are balanced and operate at the same speed, ensuring that proper service is provided.

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Ques: 9). What kind of performance can Elastic Block Storage provide? How do you back it up and improve the results?

Answer:

The performance of elastic block storage fluctuates, and it might go above and below the SLA performance threshold. SLA gives an average disc I/O rate, which can irritate performance experts who want a server's disc throughput to be consistent and reliable. This is not the case with virtual AWS instances. A graphical user interface, such as elasticfox, can be used to backup EBS volumes, or an API call can be used to leverage the snapshot feature. Using Linux software raid and striping over four drives can further increase performance.

 

Ques: 10). Distinguish between an on-demand and a spot instance.

Answer:

Spot Instances are unused Amazon EC2 instances that can be bid on. The spot instance will be launched once the bid exceeds the current spot price (which changes in real-time based on demand and supply). If the spot price exceeds the bid price, the instance can be cancelled at any time and with only 2 minutes' notice. The best technique to determine the best bid price for a spot instance is to consult the AWS console's price history for the previous 90 days. Spot instances have the benefit of being cost-effective, but the disadvantage is that they can be cancelled at any time. Spot instances are ideal to use when –

There are optional nice to have tasks.

You have flexible workloads which can be run when there is enough compute capacity.

Tasks that require extra computing capacity to improve performance.

On-demand instances are available anytime you need them, and you must pay on an hourly basis for the time you utilise them. These instances can be released as soon as they are no longer needed, and there is no commitment required up front. Unlike spot instances, AWS guarantees the availability of these instances.

The recommended practise is to start a few on-demand instances that can provide a minimal level of assured compute resources for the application and then add on a few spot instances as needed.

 

Ques: 11). What is Amazon EMR and how does it work?

Answer:

Amazon EMR is a surviving cluster stage that is useful in data structures since it demonstrates how things work before they are notified. On Amazon Web Services, Apache Spark and Apache Hadoop are useful for analysing massive amounts of data. Data for analytics purposes and marketing intelligence workloads can be prepared using Apache Hive. It also makes use of other open-source ideas that are applicable.

 

Ques: 12). Is it possible to scale an Amazon Instance vertically? If so, how do you go about doing it?

Answer:

The steps to vertically scale an Amazon Instance are as follows –

1. Spin up a larger Amazon instance than the existing one.
2. Pause the exisiting instance to remove the root ebs volume from the server  and discard.
3. Stop the live running instance and detach its root volume.
4. Make a note of the unique device ID and attach that root volume to the new server.
5. Start the instance again.

 

Ques: 13). How will you prepare an instance to serve traffic by configuring it with the application and its dependencies?

Answer:

The use of lifecycle hooks can help you do this. They are useful because they allow you to halt the construction or termination of an instance so that you can sneak a peek inside and do specific activities such as configuring the instance, downloading relevant files, and performing any other steps necessary to get the instance ready. There can be many lifecycle hooks in each auto scaling group.

 

Ques: 14).  How can EC2 instances running in a VPC be protected?

Answer:

AWS Security groups connected with EC2 instances can help you protect EC2 instances running in a VPC by enforcing protocol and port access security. You can secure access to the EC2 instance by configuring both INBOUND and OUTBOUND traffic. AWS security groups are similar to firewalls in that they contain a collection of rules that filter traffic entering and exiting an EC2 instance and prevent unauthorised access to those instances.

 

Ques: 15). What are some of the most important security best practises in Amazon EC2?

Answer:

To limit access to your AWS resources, create unique IAM (Identity and Access Management) users. Creating a unique IAM user gives each user their own set of credentials, allowing them to be given varying permissions based on their access needs.

• Secure the AWS Root account and its access keys.
• Harden EC2  instances by disabling unnecessary services and applications by installing only necessary software and tools on EC2 instances.
• Grant least privileges by opening up permissions that are required to perform a specific task and not more than that. Additional permissions can be granted as required.
• Define and review the security group rules on a regular basis.
• Have a well-defined strong password policy for all the users.
• Deploy anti-virus software on the AWS network to protect it from Trojans, Viruses, etc.

 

Ques: 16). What are the key characteristics of a traditional load balancer in EC2?

Answer:

The high availability functionality distributes traffic among EC2 instances in a single or several availability zones.

This assures a high level of incoming traffic availability.

Based on the findings of the health check, a traditional load balancer can decide whether or not to route traffic.

By defining security groups in a VPC, you may achieve safe load balancing within a network.

Sticky sessions are supported by traditional load balancers, which ensure that a user's traffic is always routed to the same instance for a consistent experience.

 

Ques: 17).  What are the possible connection issues you encounter when connecting to an EC2 instance ?

Answer:

• Unprotected private key file
• Server refused key
• Connection timed out
• No supported authentication method available
• Host key not found,permission denied.
• User key not recognized by the server, permission denied.

 

Ques: 18). What's the difference between stopping and terminating an EC2 instance?

Answer:

When you end an EC2 instance, it goes into a standard shutdown mode and is moved to the stop state. When an EC2 instance is terminated, it is put into a suspended state, and any EBS volumes attached to it are erased and can't be restored.

 

Ques: 19). How can you use EBS to automate EC2 backups?

Answer:

Creating snapshots of EBS volumes can be used to back up AWS EC2 instances. Amazon S3 is utilised to store the snapshots. Snapshots can capture all of the data in EBS volumes and produce precise replicas of it. The snapshots can then be cloned and relocated to another AWS region, ensuring that sensitive data is kept safe and secure.

Stopping the instance or detaching the EBS volume that will be backed up is suggested before executing AWS EC2 backup. Any failures or problems will not effect newly produced snapshots as a result of this.

The following steps must be followed to back up an AWS EC2 instance:

1. Sign in to the AWS account, and launch the AWS console.
2. Launch the EC2 Management Console from the Services option.
3. From the list of running instances, select the instance that has to be backed up.
4. Find the Amazon EBS volumes that are attached locally to that particular instance.
5. List the snapshots of each of the volumes, and specify a retention period for the snapshots. A snapshot has to be created of each volume too.
6. Remember to remove snapshots that are older than the retention period.

 

Ques: 20). What is a denial-of-service (DoS) attack, and how do you respond to one?

Answer:

When a malicious attempt is made to affect the availability of a certain system, such as an application or a website, a Denial of Service (DoS) attack occurs. When an attacker uses many sources to generate a DDoS attack, it is known as a Distributed Denial of Service attack. DDoS assaults are usually classified according to whatever layer of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model they target. The Network, Transport, Presentation, and Application levels, which correspond to layers 3,4,6, and 7, are the most typical targets for DDoS attacks.

 

Top 20 Oracle Accounts Payable Interview Questions and Answers

  

Ques: 1). Describe the Accounts Payable.

Answer:

The Accounts Payable application component keeps track of and maintains all vendors accounting data. It's also a key component of the purchasing system, as deliveries and invoices are tracked by vendors. In reaction to the operative transactions, the system automatically activates postings. Similarly, the system feeds figures from bills to the Cash Management application component to help with liquidity planning.

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Ques: 2). What does the term "invoice" mean?

Answer:

An invoice or bill is a commercial document sent by a seller to a buyer that details the products, quantities, and agreed-upon prices for goods or services provided by the seller. The buyer must pay the supplier according to the payment conditions stated on the invoice.

In the rental business, an invoice must include a particular reference to the duration of the time being invoiced, so the invoicing amount is based on quantity, price, discount, and duration rather just quantity, price, and discount. In general, each line of a rental invoice refers to the real hours, days, weeks, months, and so on that have been billed.

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Ques: 3). What's the difference between an EFT and a wire transfer?

Answer:

The most common electronic payment methods are EFT and WIRE. After WIRE, EFT stands for electronic fund transfer and is the second fastest means of electronic payment. EFT is a batch-oriented system for transferring payments from one bank to another, which takes 2 to 4 days to clear and settle. WIRE, on the other hand, is a real-time gross settlement (RTGS) system for transferring funds in real-time and on a gross basis. The clearing and settlement processes take place on the same day. WIRE is more expensive than EFT, but it is also faster.

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Ques: 4). What does GRN stand for?

Answer:

The merchandise has been delivered to the shops department, according to a goods receipt note. The GRN, together with other crucial documentation, serves as verification of material receipt at the warehouse. This can be prepared by the stores department and approved by the plant manager. GRN contains the ordered quantity, received quantity, and acceptable quantity. On the basis of the GRN note, the bill will be passed. The inventory will be automatically updated after the GRN is prepared, and payment will be released to the vendor.

GRN contains the following details.

1.Ordered quantity .

2.Received Quantity.

3.Defective quantity in received quantity .

4.Quality standards details.

Oracle Fusion HCM Interview Questions and Answers

Ques: 5). Can you give a sample Process Flow for Procure to Pay Cycle?

Answer:

Process flow for Procure to pay will go through two departments (Commercial & Finance)

Procure - Commercial Department 

The following steps involve to procure any item:

1. Received Requsition from concern Department
2. Request for Quotation from Suppliers at least three.
3. Finalize the best Quotation by keeping in mind about our companies standard
4. Check the Budget for the same.
5. Negociate with supplier for more economic pricing and finalize the payment terms.
6. Process the PO and forward to the supplier to supply the goods and services

Pay Cycle - Finance Department

The following steps need to be fulfil:

1. Invoice should be match with PO.
2. Invoice should has all the supporting documents such as PO copy, Delivery note duly signed by receiver (our staff who authorized to received goods / store keeper).
3. If the invoice is for services then it should be forwarded to the concern department head or project manager for his confirmation of work done and his approval.
4. Even if it not the services invoice, it should forwarded to the concern person's approval who request the PO for the same.
5. Finance can reject the invoice if it is not budgeted and ask for the reasons.
6. After receiving all the confirmation and approvals from the concern department heads the invoice will be update in to the accounting system first in order to avoid any duplication of Invoice and PO (it shown on accounting package if the invoice is duplicate if not, at least it tells you if the PO already used or cancel).
7. Finance approved the invoice and process the payment base on payment terms with the supplier.

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Ques: 6). How does the payment system operate?

Answer:

An account's open items can only be removed if an identical offsetting amount is posted to the account. To put it another way, the sum of the things assigned to each other must equal zero. The system enters a clearing document number and the clearing date in these objects during clearing. Invoices in a vendor account are marked as paid, and items in a bank clearing account are marked as cleared in this fashion.

In most cases, the payment program is used to settle invoices. As a result, manual clearance of open items is rarely required. However, you may have to manually remove objects on occasion if, for example, you receive a refund from your vendor or you have set up a direct debit procedure.

Oracle Financials Interview questions and Answers

Ques: 7). What is the process of creating an Invoices and transferring it to GL?

Answer:

1. create batch

2. create invoice

3. create distribution

4. validate the invoice

5. actions -à approve

6. if individual create accounting click ok

7. If batch go to batch create accounting.

8. Create accounting hits Payable Accounting(Transfer) ??Program which will create accounting.

9. Run Transfer to GL Concurrent Program

10. Journal Import

11. Post journals

12. Hits balances.

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Ques: 8). What Is Gl Date Basis & Prepayment Settlement Date?

Answer:

The date you want Payables to use as the default accounting date for invoices during invoice entry Invoice Date. Invoice date you enter during invoice entry. System Date. Current date for your Payables system. The date you enter the invoice. 

Goods Received/Invoice Date. Date that you enter in the Date Goods Received field. If no value is entered, then the invoice date is used.

Goods Received/System Date. Date that you enter in the Date Goods Received field. If no value is entered, then the system date is used.

Prepayment Settlement Days. Number of days you want Payables to add to the system date to calculate a default settlement date for a prepayment. Payables  prevents you from applying the prepayment to an invoice until on or after the settlement date.

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Ques: 9). What's the difference between interface and base tables?

Answer:

The following is a comparison of the interface and base tables.

Interface table: The interface table is where the data is checked before being posted to the base tables. Oracle is seeded in a large number of interfaces. You can think of the interface as the data's entry point, and it checks the data's sanity.

Base tables: As told earlier once the data is validated will get updated in the base tables, and is considered as the data which is in the base table is accurate and used in many ways. (Reporting..etc..)

The base tables in AP are as follows:

1) ap_invoices_all

2) ap_invoice_payments_all

3) ap_invoice_distibutions_All

4) ap_payment_schdules

5) ap_payment_dustributions_all

6) ap_checks_all

7) ap_accounting_events_all

8) ap_bank_accounts_all

9) ap_bank_accounts_uses_all

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Ques: 10). How many different forms of buy order agreements/orders are there?

Answer:

A) Standard Purchase Order: Standard purchase orders are used for one-time purchases of a variety of items. When you know the specifics of the goods or services you need, as well as expected pricing, quantities, delivery schedules, and accounting distributions, you may write standard purchase orders. Because the required information is known if you use encumbrance accounting, the purchase order may be encumbered.

B) Planned Purchase Order: A planned purchase order is a long-term commitment to purchase items or services from a single supplier. You must include preliminary delivery dates as well as all specifics for the items or services you wish to purchase, such as the charge account, quantity, and anticipated cost.

EXAMPLE: Buying Christmas gifts from a specific retailer.

C) Contract PO: You form a contract purchase agreement with your supplier to agree on particular terms and conditions without specifying the items and services you would be purchasing, such as "for $ amount, you must supply this much quantity.” You can then issue ordinary purchase orders referencing your contracts, and if you use encumbrance accounting, you can encumber these purchase orders.

D) Blanket Purchase Agreement: You construct blanket purchase agreements when you know the details of the items or services you expect to buy from a specific provider over a period of time but not the details of your delivery schedules. Before actually acquiring your things, you can use blanket purchase agreements to define negotiated rates.

A Blanket Purchase Agreement is a type of contract between you and your supplier that specifies the price at which you will buy products from them in the future. The price of the item, not the quantity, is entered here. The amount of the items is entered when the release is created. In the release, there is no way to change the pricing. The Released Amount is calculated by multiplying the amount by the price. Assume you have a contract with your supplier that states you can only buy products worth a certain amount against the contract.

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Ques: 11). What exactly are recurring invoices? What are the procedures in setting up an AP?

Answer:

In some cases, suppliers fail to provide invoices. However, housing payments must be made: rent, lease rents. In this case, we must create invoices on a period-by-period basis. To accomplish this, we'll need to design a single recurring invoice template. The term "template" refers to the process of making several invoices from a single master copy. We're making a single invoice master copy, which is also known as a recurring invoice or recurring invoice template.

 SET UP:

1) Create one special calendar

2) Create one full distribution set

3) Enter payment terms in the recurring invoice window

4) Enter the template no, first invoice amount, special invoice amounts

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Ques: 12). What Are The Different Types Of Holds That Are Used To Prevent Invoice Payment?

Answer:

Holds that we can manually apply or that Payables automatically apply to block payment and, in some situations, the generation of accounting entries for an invoice. We can manually release specific holds that Payables applies during Approval, and we can remove holds that we apply.

Payables offers us with some default invoice holds, and we can construct our own based on our invoice approval requirements. We can also put a hold on the supplier rather than on each individual invoice to prohibit payment of supplier invoices.

There are two major category of hold

Manual Hold

System Hold.

Manual hold we can create and release manually where as system hold is created by system and normally released by system after due rectification.

There are three types of holds we can use to prevent payment of an invoice

Invoice Hold:We can manually apply one or more Invoice Hold Reason Approvals (”holds”) to an invoice using the Invoice Holds window of the Invoice Workbench.

Scheduled Payment Hold: We can hold payment on part of an invoice by placing one or more of the scheduled payments on hold in the Scheduled Payments window of the Invoice Workbench.

Supplier Hold: In the Supplier Sites window, we can enable the Hold All Payments, Hold Unapproved Invoices, or Hold Unmatched Invoices options. We also have the option of specifying an Invoice Amount Limit for a supplier site.

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Ques: 13). What Are The Invoice Matching Option?

Answer:

The following are the Invoice Matching Option  available :

Purchase Order Matching:

2–Way. When you match to a purchase order or receipt, Payables Approval performs these control checks:

Quantity billed <= Quantity ordered (Symbol mean lessor)

Invoice price <= Purchase order price

Receipts Matching:

3–Way. Control checks 1 and 2, plus:

Quantity billed <= Quantity received

Invoice Matching:

4–Way. Control checks 1, 2, and 3, plus:

Quantity billed <= Quantity accepted

Ques: 14). What is the difference between Oracle Payables' Primary and Secondary Ledgers?

Answer:

The Primary Ledger is the Main Ledger, while the Secondary Ledger is the Replica of the Primary Ledger. All of our transactions are recorded in the Primary Ledger. The main reason for using Primary and Secondary Ledger is the discrepancy between the Organizational and Statutory Requirements.

For example, a US corporation with an office in India has a calendar that runs from October to September, but the Indian calendar goes from April to March. This is when the notion of the Primary and Secondary Ledger comes into play. Whereas the primary calendar might be designed according to US standards, However, according to India's Statutory Requirements, the secondary calendar is used.

Ques: 15). What Are The Approval Levels That Match?

Answer:

We can execute online matching of invoices and original purchase orders or purchase order receipts if we utilise Oracle Payables with Oracle Purchasing or another connected purchasing product. Matching ensures that we only pay for the items and services we requested, and that our vendors do not overcharge us. The Payables Approval Program applies holds to invoices that exceed the amount and quantity tolerances we establish, preventing payment until the holds are released.

Ques: 16). How does the payment system operate?

Answer:

Open items on an account can only be cleared if an equal and opposite amount is posted to the account. To put it another way, the total number of items assigned to each other must be zero. During clearing, the machine enters a clearing document number and the clearing date in these items. Products in a bank clearing account are marked as cleared, and invoices in a vendor account are indicated as paying.

The payment programme is typically used to settle invoices. As a result, removing open things manually is rarely required. You may need to manually clear products if, for example, you request a refund from your supplier or have set up a direct debit mechanism.

Ques: 17). What should be the setup steps when i wish to implement TDS features only?

Answer:

Setup only Step 16-21 of the India Localization Setups. Refer to the Setup Overview chapter of the India Localization User Guide.

Following India Localization Setups need to be completed:

Define TDS Related Information for the Organization

Define Income Tax Authority

Define TDS Sections

Define TDS Tax Codes

Defining TDS year Information

Define TDS Details for Suppliers

Ques: 18). What causes the Error? When attempting to match an invoice to a PO, does App-Sqlap-10715 appear?

Answer:

When an invoice is matched to a PO for the complete quantity, the PO is ready for invoicing. If the invoice line is rejected (using the Discard button), the Match button becomes available again, reversing the PO match, and the invoice is matched to the same PO for a different quantity. The following message appears at that time: APP-SQLAP-10715: For invoicing purposes, this purchase order line has been closed. Before continuing with this match, you might want to look over the purchase order.

When we trash a line in R12, the status is only updated at validation time. When we match or reverse POs, we update the quantity billed and amount billed, but the status is only affected when we validate the invoice. Validate the invoice before proceeding with any other actions on the invoice after pressing the Discard button. For more information, see Doc ID 456370.1 and Bug 5927520.

Ques: 19). How a PO Match comes over as Exclusive Tax Lines for a reason?

Answer:

Taxes are always exclusive in PO, unless otherwise specified in the PO application/product design. As a result, in AP, taxes on an invoice linked to a PO are calculated as exclusive taxes. More information may be found in Bug 6748767 R12: APXINWKB - JAPAN INCLUSIVE TAX, PO MATCH COMES OVER AS EXCLUSIVE TAX LINES. For more details, see Doc ID 549988.1.

Ques: 20).  What Are Offset Taxes and How Do They Work? What Is It Used For?

Answer:

Offset Taxes: Offset tax codes are used on invoices to record self–assessed taxes while reducing or totally offsetting tax burden. Because offset taxes have negative–amount rates, you must input negative–amount invoice tax distributions when using them.

It is utilised in the European Union, and if you are a member of the EU, you can use the Intra–EU VAT Audit Trail report to report on these zero–rated taxes.