With the help of popular open-source
frameworks, you can create and administer scalable private networks with Amazon
Managed Blockchain, a fully managed service that lets you join public networks.
The overhead involved in setting up a network or joining one already exists,
and Amazon Managed Blockchain automatically expands to meet the needs of
thousands of apps processing millions of transactions. Managed Blockchain makes
it simple to administer and maintain your blockchain network once it is up and
running. It keeps track of your certificates and makes it simple to welcome new
users to the network.
AWS(Amazon Web Services) Interview
Questions and Answers
AWS
Cloud Interview Questions and Answers
Ques: 1). How is Amazon Managed Blockchain accessed?
Answer:
The AWS Management Console, AWS Command Line Interface
(CLI), and AWS Software Development Kit all provide access to Amazon Managed
Blockchain (SDK).
Use the open source Hyperledger Fabric CLI and SDK to
communicate with the Hyperledger Fabric components provided and managed by
Amazon Managed Blockchain, such as the ordering service, certificate authority,
and peer nodes. You construct a VPC PrivateLink endpoint for your network to
access the endpoints that Amazon Managed Blockchain offers for accessing these
services. The version of Hyperledger Fabric stated in your network must be used
along with a compatible version of the CLI and SDK for Hyperledger Fabric.
Your client utilises a WebSocket or HTTP connection to a
peer node endpoint in Managed Blockchain to communicate with Ethereum smart
contracts. Only your AWS Account has access to your node endpoint. The client
communicates with your node on the Ethereum network using normal JSON-RPC API
techniques to query and send transactions.
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Ques: 2). What is Amazon Managed Blockchain capable of?
Answer:
Using the open-source frameworks Hyperledger Fabric and
Ethereum, you can quickly join public networks or build private networks
spanning several AWS accounts using Amazon Managed Blockchain. These blockchain
systems let network users safely exchange money and data on a decentralised,
unchangeable record. Additionally, you may set up your network's voting
procedures so that users can democratically run it (i.e., voting on who to
invite to join).
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Ques: 3). A blockchain network is what?
Answer:
A trusted central authority is not required to ensure that
transactions are secure and validated thanks to the blockchain technology,
which enables the development of apps where numerous parties can record
transactions.
This is made possible by blockchain because it creates a
peer-to-peer network (also known as a blockchain network) where each user has
access to a shared ledger where the transactions are recorded. By design, these
transactions are immutable and subject to independent verification.
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Ques: 4). I want to join the blockchain network, how can I
invite other AWS accounts?
Answer:
You can submit a request to the present users of the
blockchain network asking them to approve inviting a different AWS account to
join. The other AWS account will be invited to join the network if the proposal
is accepted based on the network's voting regulations.
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Ques: 5). How can I connect with my Amazon Managed
Blockchain resources using the open source Hyperledger Fabric CLI or SDK
running on a client node?
Answer:
You may use the free Hyperledger Fabric CLI or SDK to setup
them and communicate with the peer nodes, ordering service, and certificate
authority (CA) that were generated for your network using Hyperledger Fabric.
By leveraging a VPC PrivateLink endpoint that you construct in your VPC, Amazon
Managed Blockchain makes the endpoints for these components accessible. To
access this VPC PrivateLink endpoint, the Amazon EC2 instance or other resource
using the Hyperledger Fabric CLI or SDK needs a route.
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Ques: 6). How do I get started with Amazon Managed
Blockchain?
Answer:
To get started with Amazon Managed Blockchain, go to the AWS
Management Console and click on Amazon Managed Blockchain. Click on
"Create a network" or “Join a network”. Follow the network creation
wizard to create your first network and member, and then invite other AWS
accounts to join. Alternatively, follow the join network wizard to join a
public network, and then provision nodes to interact with the network.
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Ques: 7). Owns that resource the account that builds an
Amazon Managed Blockchain network?
Answer:
An Amazon Managed Blockchain network is a decentralised
resource in which various AWS accounts have equal ownership stakes in
accordance with the voting guidelines established at the network's inception.
The Approval Threshold Policy type allows for the distribution of governance
across several members when they join the network, even though an original AWS
account builds it. The network will continue to function among the surviving
members even if the original member exits.
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Ques: 8). What elements make up Hyperledger Fabric?
Answer:
An Amazon Managed Blockchain for Hyperledger Fabric builds
and maintains the necessary network components on your behalf. The ordering
service, certificate authority, and peer components all come together to form a
Hyperledger Fabric network.
You utilise an open source Hyperledger Fabric CLI or SDK
from a client host that you construct and administer to communicate with these
components.
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Ques: 9). How do I limit who may access the resources I have
on Amazon Managed Blockchain?
Answer:
In order to identify users in each membership and assess
their network rights, Hyperledger Fabric on Managed Blockchain requires
certificates. With the help of the Hyperledger Fabric certificate authority,
you may create and manage these users. JSON-RPC requests to Ethereum nodes on
the Managed Blockchain are verified using Signature Version 4 (SV4).
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Ques: 10). What rights does the administrator user have when
adding a network member?
Answer:
The first user in your Hyperledger Fabric membership is the
admin account that you set when creating your network member. The username and
password may be used to add other users to your membership and register this
user with your Hyperledger Fabric certificate authority. Additionally, the
admin user has the ability to install and run chaincode programmes as well as
construct channels on the network.
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Ques: 11). What distinguishes Amazon Quantum Ledger Database
(QLDB) from Amazon Managed Blockchain?
Answer:
A ledger database called QLDB was created specifically for
clients that needed to keep a comprehensive and verifiable history of data
changes in an application that they owned and centrally managed. Not a
blockchain technology, Amazon QLDB. Instead, blockchain technologies
concentrate on making it possible for several parties to do business and
transfer data safely in a decentralised manner, without the need for a reliable
centralised authority. A network's members can make and endorse transactions,
and each member owns an independently verified copy of an immutable ledger. Amazon
Managed Blockchain is a fully managed blockchain service that enables multiple
parties to transact and share data directly and securely without the need for a
central, trusted authority.
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Ques: 12). How can I remove a network from Amazon Managed
Blockchain?
Answer:
Once the final participant in a network deletes their
membership, the network is terminated by Amazon Managed Blockchain. If you've
formed a blockchain network with several members in your AWS account, the network
will be terminated after all of the members have been removed. If you are a
member of a blockchain network that contains memberships that you do not
control, the network will only be eliminated when the final participant does
so. If you remove a member from a network but there are still other members
present, the network will continue. If a founding member departs a network,
there will be adjustable ways to end it once Amazon Managed Blockchain is
broadly accessible.
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Ques: 13). I want to boost the availability of my blockchain
components, can I establish numerous peer nodes?
Answer:
For high availability, the Standard Edition allows you to
build up to three blockchain peer nodes in each membership across different
Amazon EC2 availability zones. For each membership in the Starter Edition, two
peer nodes can be created. You may set up as many as 50 nodes per AWS account
across different Amazon EC2 availability zones for Ethereum on Amazon Managed
Blockchain.
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Ques: 14). : What open source blockchain frameworks is
supported by Amazon Managed Blockchain?
Answer:
The open source Hyperledger Fabric and Ethereum frameworks
are supported by Amazon Managed Blockchain.
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Ques: 15). What is the cost of Amazon Managed Blockchain?
Answer:
Amazon Managed Blockchain has no initial contract. You just
pay an hourly fee (paid per second) for your network membership, peer node
storage, and data you send to the network while using Hyperledger Fabric on
Amazon Managed Blockchain. The Standard Edition and the Starter Edition are the
two editions that Amazon Managed Blockchain offers, and each edition has a
different hourly membership charge. You also pay regular data transmission
charges. You will require a VPC PrivateLink endpoint that is separately paid in
order to communicate with your Amazon Managed Blockchain services. With Amazon
Managed Blockchain for Ethereum, you can build nodes and connect them to open
Ethereum networks. You are charged for the node, node storage, and the number
of Ethereum requests you make.
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Ques: 16). What distinguishes the Starter Edition and
Standard Edition network types of Amazon Managed Blockchain?
Answer:
Starter Edition and Standard Edition are the two network
types that Amazon Managed Blockchain offers. Each kind has a distinct hourly
membership charge and is designed for a certain set of use scenarios.
For test networks and smaller production networks, there is
a network called Amazon Managed Blockchain Starter Edition. In comparison to
the Standard Edition, it features the following characteristics: A network can
have up to 5 members and 2 peer nodes per member. The peer node kinds that are
available are bc.t3.small and bc.t3.medium. The transaction throughput and
availability of the ordering service are lower in a Starter Edition network
than in a Standard Edition network.
The network for the Amazon Managed Blockchain Standard
Edition is intended for use with production networks. It differs from the
Starter Edition in a number of ways, including the ability to have 3 peer nodes
and a limit of 14 users per network. Peer nodes can use the instance types from
the bc.t3, bc.m5, and bc.c5 families. The transaction throughput and
availability of the ordering service are better in a Standard Edition network
than they are in a Starter Edition network.
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Ques: 17). Do my blockchain components experience any
downtime for maintenance?
Answer:
Ethereum nodes are always online. When we deploy security
updates, which we normally do monthly or as needed, Hyperledger Fabric peer
nodes will be down for less than a minute. Your Personal Health Dashboard will
let you know when maintenance is going to be performed. As only one peer per
member will be patched at a time, you can construct numerous peers to reduce
this downtime. It is often advised to have numerous peers for high
availability.
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Ques: 18). In my Hyperledger Fabric network, how can I
establish a channel?
Answer:
A Hyperledger Fabric channel is a secret "subnet"
of communication between two or more specified network users, for the purpose
of carrying out private and confidential transactions. Every transaction on the
blockchain network takes place on a channel, where each person involved must be
verified and given permission to do business.
Using the open source Hyperledger Fabric CLI or SDK and the
APIs provided on your Hyperledger Fabric resources, you may add a new channel
to your Amazon Managed Blockchain network. A genesis block for the channel
ledger, which holds configuration data about the channel policies, members, and
anchor peer nodes, is created when you call the configuration system chaincode.
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Ques: 19). How can I get access to the Hyperledger Fabric
endpoints on the parts that Amazon Managed Blockchain manages?
Answer:
A VPC PrivateLink endpoint must be created in the VPC from
which you wish to connect the network in order to access the endpoints on the
Hyperledger Fabric components maintained by Amazon Managed Blockchain, such as
the Hyperledger Fabric certificate authority, ordering service, and peer nodes.
From the VPC panel, Amazon Managed Blockchain console, AWS CLI, or AWS SDK, you
may build a VPC PrivateLink endpoint. Use the VPC Endpoint Service Name shown
in the Amazon Managed Blockchain network specifications when building your
endpoint. You just need to build one VPC PrivateLink endpoint, not one for each
member, if you've created them all in the same AWS account. Additionally, in
order to get support for suggested transactions, your client will be able to
communicate with peer nodes from other network participants.
Please be aware that any VPC PrivateLink endpoints you
establish or use will incur a separate fee.
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Ques: 20). How can I introduce apps written in chaincode
into the Hyperledger Fabric network?
Answer:
Chaincode, often known as a "smart contract," is a
software that generally manages business logic decided upon by network
participants. Using the open source Hyperledger Fabric CLI or SDK and the APIs
accessible on your Hyperledger Fabric resources, you may install and
instantiate chaincode on the blockchain network. Additionally, these activities
may only be carried out by admin users in your membership.
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