Top 20 AWS Serverless Application Repository Interview Questions and Answers

A managed repository for serverless apps is the AWS Serverless Application Repository. It makes it possible for groups, companies, and even lone engineers to store, distribute, and deploy serverless designs in simple yet effective new ways. You don't have to clone, develop, package, or publish source code to AWS before deploying it if you use the Serverless Application Repository. Instead, you can use pre-built programmes from the Serverless Application Repository in your serverless designs, which will save time, ensure organisational best practises, and enable your teams launch products more quickly. You may govern each application's resources through integration with AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM), which enables you to share applications either publicly or privately with specified AWS accounts. To share an application you've built, publish it to the AWS Serverless Application Repository.

Ques. 1): Serverless applications: what are they?

Answer:

Server provisioning, deployment, and management are not necessary with serverless apps. They automatically and continuously scale, and they have built-in high availability. One of the numerous fully managed AWS services, such as AWS Lambda for computation, Amazon API Gateway for APIs, and Amazon DynamoDB for databases, can be used to create and run serverless applications.

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Ques. 2): The AWS Serverless Application Repository offers what types of applications?

Answer:

Applications for Alexa Skills, chatbots, data processing, IoT, real-time stream processing, online and mobile back-ends, social media trend monitoring, and image resizing are all available in the AWS Serverless Application Repository.

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Ques. 3): AWS verifies the applications in the AWS Serverless Application Repository?

Answer:

Every application made available by AWS is examined for licence compliance and code quality. To make sure that users know which resources can be modified or accessed by an application, applications released by third parties are checked for proper use of permissions. Prior to employing an application, you can evaluate those specifics as well as the number of times the application has been deployed by AWS clients.

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Ques. 4): The AWS Serverless Application Repository is where I want to publish my serverless application. How do I achieve that?

Answer:

A serverless application can be packaged using the AWS CLI, published using the AWS Management Console, CLI, or AWS SDKs, and described using the AWS Serverless Application Model (SAM) standard. You will need to supply a name, description, source code link, and a LICENSE.txt for your application in addition to having a working AWS account. Applications must be published in the US East (N. Virginia) or US East (Ohio) regions if they are meant to be made available to any AWS user.

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Ques. 5): What is a nested application?

Answer:

A component that is deployed as a part of another serverless application is known as a nested serverless application. Common patterns where the same components are defined in several application templates start to appear as serverless architectures develop. Now, you may create distinct apps for frequently used patterns and nest such applications inside of templates for new or existing applications.

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Ques. 6): How do I package an application that is nested?

Answer:

To package your nested application, use the SAM CLI's sam package command. Using APIs or the AWS SDK, publish your packaged programme to the Serverless Application Repository. To instantly deploy your application, use the SAM CLI's sam deploy command.

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Ques. 7): How do I administer serverless programmes installed on my account?

Answer:

The deployment of serverless apps as AWS CloudFormation stacks makes it simple for you to manage an application as a whole. The uniquely identifying Amazon Resource Name (ARN) for the application is associated with each resource, making it easier to find them in the AWS Tag Editor UI. To manage each resource independently, you can also leverage tools from AWS and other companies.

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Ques. 8): What happens if a nested application is no longer accessible?

Answer:

Existing deployments of your application won't be impacted by nesting applications that are removed or to which you lose access. If you try to deploy your application with dependencies that don't exist anymore, you'll have to change it.

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Ques. 9): What is the best way to share an application that has nested applications?

Answer:

The model employed by Lambda functions nowadays is also used by serverless apps. Using AWS IAM resource-based controls, access to serverless apps stored in the Serverless Application Repository can be restricted. You can make your application publicly accessible, allow cross-account access, or keep it private using policies.

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Ques. 10): To share an app with an AWS organisation, how do I update resource-based policies?

Answer:

Find the application in the AWS Serverless Application Repository console, select the "Share" option, and then select "Create Statement" to get going. To provide the organisation access to the app, add the AWS Organization principal here. Additionally, you can adjust resource-based policies to distribute apps around an organisation by using the AWS Serverless Application Repository APIs.

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Ques. 11): Can I change an organization's permissions so that they can only view an application?

Answer:

Yes. You can specify actions in your resource-based policy that will limit the kinds of operations that can be performed on a shared application. The AWS Serverless Application Repository console and APIs support updating actions for a resource-based policy.

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Ques. 12): Does it cost anything to use the AWS Serverless Application Repository?

Answer:

In the AWS Serverless Application Repository, there is no cost to browse applications, deploy applications, or publish applications. For the resources consumed by the applications you deploy, standard AWS fees apply.

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Ques. 13): How do I administer serverless programmes installed on my account?

Answer:

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Ques. 14): In my SAM template, how can I include a nested application?

Answer:

To add applications that you have created locally or that have been shared with you via the Serverless Application Repository, use the AWS:Serverless:Application resource type. Using straightforward AWS SAM terminology, you can specify inputs for the layered application or specify outputs as references.

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Ques. 15): I utilised a nested app from the Serverless Application Repository; how do I package it?

Answer:

You can utilise pre-packaged nested applications from the Serverless Application Repository. Before deploying the application in your account, you can check to see if nested apps are still accessible to you using the SAM CLI's existing sam package command.

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Ques. 16): Does the Serverless Application Repository allow me to publish nested applications?

Answer:

Yes. Similar to how you now publish standalone applications, you can publish nested applications to the Serverless Application Repository. To publish nested applications, use the Serverless Application Repository APIs, SAM CLI, AWS console, or AWS CLI.

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Ques. 17): Is it possible to share applications across all accounts in an AWS Organization?

Answer:

Yes. All accounts that are a part of an AWS Organization can now share applications. The same model as today's Lambda functions is employed by serverless applications. Using AWS IAM resource-based controls, access to serverless apps stored in the AWS Serverless Application Repository can be restricted. You can make your app accessible to the whole public, allow cross-account access, grant organisations access, or keep it private using policies.

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Ques. 18): Applications stored in the AWS Serverless Application Repository are licenced in what ways?

Answer:

Applications made publicly available by others may be made available under one or more open source license(s) accepted by the Open Source Initiative, while applications made available by AWS are available under the MIT open source licence (OSI). By selecting the licencing tab of an application on the AWS website, you can view licencing information.

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Ques. 19): The applications I add to the AWS Serverless Application Repository can be deployed by whom?

Answer:

Publishers have control over who can access the Repository and use their applications. An application can be shared with other accounts, have access restricted to your team (a group using the same AWS account), or be made open to all AWS users.

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Ques. 20): Is it possible for me to share an application with a certain organisational unit inside my company?

Answer:

Application sharing is not supported within a single organisational unit. You can make your app accessible to the whole public, allow cross-account access, grant organisations access, or keep it private using policies.

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Top 20 AWS WorkSpaces Interview Questions and Answers

A controlled, secure cloud desktop solution is Amazon WorkSpaces. With the help of Amazon WorkSpaces, you can easily scale to give thousands of desktops to workers around the world in either Windows, Amazon Linux, or Ubuntu Linux. When compared to conventional desktops and on-premises Virtual Desktop Infrastructure (VDI) solutions, you can choose to pay either monthly or hourly, simply for the WorkSpaces you deploy. Your desktop delivery strategy is made simpler by using Amazon WorkSpaces to help you manage inventory, OS versions and patches, and VDI with less complexity. Your users may access their preferred desktop quickly and easily from any compatible device at any time thanks to Amazon WorkSpaces.

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Ques. 1): An Amazon WorkSpace is what?

Answer:

A cloud-based virtual desktop called an Amazon WorkSpace can take the place of a conventional desktop. A WorkSpace is a collection of an operating system, computing power, storage area, and software programmes that enables users to carry out daily chores similarly to utilising a traditional desktop.

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Ques. 2): How do I begin using Amazon WorkSpaces?

Answer:

You need an AWS account in order to use Amazon WorkSpaces. Using this account, you may easily provision Amazon WorkSpaces for you and any other users in your business after logging into the AWS Management Console. Selecting a user from your directory is the first step in provisioning an Amazon WorkSpace. the user's Amazon WorkSpaces package should then be chosen. The resources you require, the desktop operating system you want to use, the amount of storage you want to utilise, and the preconfigured software programmes you want are all specified in the Amazon WorkSpaces bundle. Finally, select the Amazon WorkSpace's running mode. If you want to use monthly billing, select AlwaysOn; if you want to use hourly billing, select AutoStop. The user will get an email with connection instructions as soon as their WorkSpace is provisioned. The same procedure can be used to furnish several WorkSpaces simultaneously.

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Ques. 3): What kind of operating systems are compatible with Amazon WorkSpaces?

Answer:

Amazon WorkSpaces offers Windows 10 desktop experiences, Ubuntu WorkSpaces built on Ubuntu Desktop 22.04 LTS, and Amazon Linux WorkSpaces built on Amazon Linux 2 LTS. You may decide whether Windows Server 2016 or Windows Server 2019 will power your Windows 10 desktop experience. You can use your Amazon WorkSpaces to run Windows 10 Enterprise if your company is allowed to bring its own Windows Desktop licences.

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Ques. 4): After it has been provisioned, how can a user access their Amazon WorkSpace?

Answer:

When an Amazon WorkSpace is set up, users get an email with information on how to connect to their WorkSpace and where to get the necessary WorkSpaces clients. The user will have the option to set a password the first time they try to connect to their WorkSpace if you are not connecting with an existing Active Directory. Users will log in with their standard Active Directory credentials if the AWS Directory Services AD Connector has been used to link with an already-existing Active Directory domain.

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Ques. 5): Will I have a pleasant user experience if I'm located a long way from the area where my Amazon WorkSpace is located?

Answer:

You can still utilise Amazon WorkSpaces if you're more than 2000 miles away from the areas where it's now offered, although your experience could be less responsive. Utilizing the website for the Amazon WorkSpaces Connection Health Check is the simplest approach to assess performance. For information on the region-specific availability of Amazon WorkSpaces services, see the Regional Products and Services page.

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Ques. 6): Is it possible to make unique photos for Amazon WorkSpaces?

Answer:

A running WorkSpace can be used to build a custom picture if you are an administrator. Select the WorkSpace in the console and choose "Create Image" after customising it with your programmes and preferences. Your settings and programmes are used to create an image. Only graphics bundles of the same bundle type may be used with custom images developed from Amazon WorkSpaces with GPU-enabled bundles (Graphics, GraphicsPro, Graphics.g4dn, and GraphicsPro.g4dn). For instance, a custom picture produced from the Graphics.g4dn bundle can be used with the Graphics.g4dn or GraphicsPro.g4dn bundles, but not the other way around. Only the Value, Standard, Performance, Power, or PowerPro bundles can be utilised with custom images that were made from those bundles. The majority of WorkSpace photos are accessible in under 45 minutes.

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Ques. 7): Is it possible to copy Amazon WorkSpaces Images to different AWS Regions?

Answer:

You can copy your WorkSpaces Images to other AWS Regions where WorkSpaces is available using the WorkSpaces UI, APIs, or CLI. Access the WorkSpaces console and use the left-hand menu to find the "Images" area. To begin, just choose the image you want to copy, click the "Actions" button, and then choose the "Copy Image" option.

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Ques. 8): Which Amazon Elastic Block Store (EBS) volumes are available with Amazon WorkSpaces?

Answer:

The root and user volumes of every Amazon WorkSpace that was released after January 31, 2017, were constructed using general-purpose SSD EBS volumes. Prior to January 31, 2017, EBS magnetic volumes were the default configuration for Amazon WorkSpaces. By rebuilding, you can change your Amazon WorkSpaces' magnetic EBS volumes to SSD EBS volumes.

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Ques. 9): Can I make my Amazon WorkSpaces storage volumes bigger?

Answer:

Yes. The user and root volumes connected to your WorkSpaces can both be expanded at any moment. You can choose from pre-bundled storage configurations for root and user volumes when you create new WorkSpaces, or you can choose a storage capacity that is larger than those configurations. You can select 10 GB, 50 GB, or 100 GB for the User volume in storage configurations with an 80 GB Root volume. Storage options with a Root volume of 175 GB to 2000 GB and a User volume of 100 GB to 2000 GB are available. Please be aware that in order to expand the User volume from 100 GB to 1000 GB, you must first set the Root volume to 175 GB. You can only use the aforementioned options to raise the volumes' size after your WorkSpaces have been created, to a maximum of 2000 GB for each Root and User volume.

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Ques. 10): What information can I keep after migrating to WorkSpaces?

Answer:

The most recent snapshot of the original user volume will be kept in its entirety. For a Windows WorkSpace, the C drive will be freshly constructed from the destination bundle image, while the D drive data acquired by the most recent snapshot will be kept after migration. Additionally, migrate tries to transfer information from the outdated user profile to the current one. A.notMigrated folder will be used to store data that cannot be transferred to the new profile.

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Ques. 11): How do custom images change the size of my root volume?

Answer:

By default, WorkSpaces launched from a custom image have a root volume that is the same size as the custom image. For instance, all WorkSpaces launched from your custom image will have the same root volume size, which in this case would be 100 GB. When you start your WorkSpace or at any moment thereafter, you can raise the size of your root volume.

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Ques. 12): Is it necessary for a WorkSpace in AutoStop mode to be active in order to modify the bundle type?

Answer:

No. When you make a modification, we create a WorkSpace that isn't already active, apply the bundle change to it, restart it to make the changes effective, and then halt it once more. A paused Standard (2vCPU, 4 GiB) WorkSpace could have its bundle type changed from Standard to Performance. Your Standard WorkSpace is started, the bundle update is applied, and it is restarted. Your WorkSpace now has Performance hardware after the restart (2vCPU, 7.5 GiB).

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Ques. 13): If I change the storage size or hardware package throughout a month, how am I charged?

Answer:

You are charged the monthly price for AlwaysOn WorkSpaces or the monthly fee for AutoStop WorkSpaces, prorated on a per-day basis, for either modification.

For instance, if you add 175 GB of root storage and 100 GB of user storage to an AlwaysOn Power WorkSpace on the tenth of the month, you will be charged $78.00 for the Power WorkSpace and $11.60 for the additional 175 GB for 20 days at the rate of $0.10/GB-month (in US-East-1). Similar to this, switching a package on the 15th of the month incurs a 15-day charge for Value WorkSpaces ($12.50 in US-East-1) and a 15-day charge for Standard WorkSpaces ($17.50 in US-East-1).

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Ques. 14): Can I make a custom image for my bundles with GPU support?

Answer:

Yes. Only the same kind of Amazon WorkSpaces bundle can be utilised with custom photos produced from it. For instance, a GraphicsPro.g4dn WorkSpace can be launched using an image created from a Graphics.g4dn bundle. However, you are unable to launch a GraphicsPro WorkSpace or a G4dn-based WorkSpace using an image created from a Graphics package.

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Ques. 15): What storage options are available on WorkSpaces with GPU support?

Answer:

The user volume and root volumes in every GPU-enabled WorkSpaces bundle have a minimum of 100 GB of persistent storage. When you start new WorkSpaces, you may choose the amount of storage you require for both root and user volumes, and you can increase storage allocations at any moment. Users' data that they save on the "user volume" connected to the WorkSpace is routinely and automatically backed up to Amazon S3.

Additionally, local NVMe-based SSD storage known as the instance store is included with Graphics G4dn bundles. Because the data saved in instance store volumes is not permanent through instance stops, terminations, or hardware failures, the instance store is perfect for transitory content like caches and buffers. Both Graphics.g4dn and GraphicsPro.g4dn offer 125 GB and 225 GB of local instance storage, respectively. The local instance store's size cannot be altered. The local instance store volume with the name "E:Temp SSD" can be found on your WorkSpace.

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Ques. 16): What advantages do my own Windows desktop licences in Amazon WorkSpaces provide?

Answer:

You will save $4 per Amazon WorkSpace per month when being paid monthly and money on the hourly usage cost when being billed hourly by bringing your own Windows Desktop licences to Amazon WorkSpaces (see the Amazon WorkSpaces pricing page for more information). Additionally, you can now manage both your physical and virtual desktop installations using a single golden image.

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Ques. 17): I introduced my own custom Windows bundles to WorkSpaces, but I want to start a new Amazon WorkSpace using one of the public bundles that are already configured.

Answer:

No. In order to comply with Microsoft's licencing compliance requirements, your customised WorkSpaces that support BYOL for Windows 10 Desktops are launched on physically dedicated hardware. WorkSpaces can only be launched from the custom bundle you made that contains your Windows 10 Desktop image when they are in a directory designated for dedicated hardware.

You can create a new AWS AD Connector directory that points to the same Microsoft Active Directory as your Windows 10 Desktop WorkSpaces and launch WorkSpaces in that directory as you normally would using the AWS Management Console or the WorkSpaces SDK and CLI if you want to launch WorkSpaces from public bundles to users in the same domain.

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Ques. 18): How do I enrol my current BYOL WorkSpaces in the Office bundle?

Answer:

Using the Amazon WorkSpaces migrate functionality, you can convert your current BYOL WorkSpaces into ones that have the Office bundle installed after creating a BYOL image with that bundle installed. After migration, all data in the most recent snapshot of the old user volume will be kept, and the C drive will be built from scratch using the new image. A WorkSpace established from a bundle that does not include Microsoft Office from AWS can be moved to another WorkSpace built from a bundle that does, and vice versa. Data is retained during migration on both the root and user volumes.

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Ques. 19): Is Amazon WorkSpaces compliant with PCI?

Answer:

Yes. Amazon WorkSpaces complies with the Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard and is PCI compliant (PCI DSS). The PCI Security Standards Council, which was established by American Express, Discover Financial Services, JCB International, MasterCard Worldwide, and Visa Inc., is in charge of overseeing the PCI DSS, a private information security standard. All organisations, including merchants, processors, acquirers, issuers, and service providers, who store, process, or transmit cardholder data (CHD) and/or sensitive authentication data (SAD) are subject to PCI DSS. The Payment Card Industry Security Standards Council is in charge of enforcing the PCI DSS, which is required by the card companies.

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Ques. 20): How can I restrict access to Amazon WorkSpaces using digital certificates?

Answer:

You submit your root certificates to the WorkSpaces administration console and distribute your client certificates to the macOS, Windows, Android, and Android-compatible Chrome OS devices you wish to trust in order to use digital certificates to deny or enable access to Amazon WorkSpaces. Use your preferred solution, such as Microsoft System Center Configuration Manager (SCCM) or mobile-device management (MDM) software, to distribute your client certificates.

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