Top 20 AWS Message Queue(MQ) Interview Questions and Answers

It is simple to set up and run message brokers in the cloud using Amazon MQ, a managed message broker service for Apache ActiveMQ and RabbitMQ. You have direct access to messaging APIs and standards including JMS, NMS, AMQP 1.0 and 0.9.1, STOMP, MQTT, and WebSocket as well as the ActiveMQ and RabbitMQ consoles. Since you don't need to change any messaging code in your apps, switching from any message broker that complies with these standards to Amazon MQ is simple.

AWS(Amazon Web Services) Interview Questions and Answers

AWS Cloud Interview Questions and Answers

Ques: 1). What is handled on my behalf by Amazon MQ?

Answer:

From supplying the infrastructure capacity you require, including broker instances and storage, to installing the broker software, Amazon MQ handles the labour involved in setting up a message broker. After your broker is operational, Amazon takes care of continuing software updates, security patches, and issue finding and repair. For message durability, Amazon MQ stores messages redundantly across many Availability Zones (AZs). With active/backup brokers, in the case of a failure, Amazon MQ immediately switches to a standby instance so you can keep sending and receiving messages.

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Ques: 2). How can I start using Amazon MQ?

Answer:

Cloud message brokers are simple to set up and run thanks to Amazon MQ. With Amazon MQ, you can quickly establish a production-ready message broker using the AWS Management Console, CLI, or API calls. To connect to your current apps and begin delivering messages, you can often connect by just updating the endpoints of your Amazon MQ broker.

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Ques: 3). How do I migrate if I'm not using ActiveMQ or RabbitMQ as my message broker?

Answer:

The most popular messaging protocols and APIs, including AMQP, STOMP, MQTT, and WebSocket, are all compatible with Amazon MQ. These include Java Message Service (JMS),.NET Message Service (NMS), and Java Message Service (JMS). Since your applications' messaging code doesn't need to be completely rewritten, switching from any standards-based message broker to Amazon MQ is made simple. In most situations, you may start delivering messages by simply updating the endpoints of your Amazon MQ broker to connect to your current apps.

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Ques: 4). As opposed to Amazon SQS and SNS, when should I utilise Amazon MQ?

Answer:

Messaging services like Amazon MQ, Amazon SQS, and Amazon SNS are appropriate for businesses of all sizes. Consider Amazon MQ if you want to rapidly and simply migrate your messaging to the cloud while still utilising it with your current apps. You may transition from any standards-based message broker to Amazon MQ without having to completely rewrite the messaging code in your apps since it supports industry-standard APIs and protocols. You are advised to take Amazon SQS and Amazon SNS into account while developing brand-new cloud-based apps. Amazon SQS and SNS are lightweight, fully managed message queue and topic services that offer straightforward, user-friendly APIs and almost indefinite scalability. You can use Amazon SQS and SNS to decouple and scale microservices, distributed systems, and serverless applications, and improve reliability.

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Ques: 5). How can I encrypt data in Amazon MQ using my own unique keys?

Answer:

To produce and manage keys for the at-rest encryption of your data in Amazon MQ, the AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) is supported by Amazon MQ. A KMS key in the Amazon MQ service account, a KMS key in your account that Amazon MQ produces and manages, or a KMS key in your account that you create and manage are the three choices from which you may choose when creating a broker to encrypt your data for Amazon MQ for ActiveMQ. A KMS key in the Amazon MQ service account is utilised for Amazon MQ for RabbitMQ. In addition to encryption at rest, all data transferred between Amazon MQ and client applications is securely transmitted using TLS/SSL.

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Ques: 6). Which kinds of storage are offered by Amazon MQ for ActiveMQ?

Answer:

Amazon MQ for ActiveMQ offers two broker storage options: Amazon Elastic File System (Amazon EFS) for durability optimization and Amazon Elastic Block Store for performance optimization (EBS). Use Amazon EFS-backed durability-optimized brokers to benefit from excellent durability and replication across different Availability Zones. Use EBS-backed throughput optimised brokers to benefit from high throughput for your big volume applications. High-volume applications utilising Amazon MQ require fewer brokers and cost less to operate thanks to throughput-optimized message brokers.

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Ques: 7). An Amazon MQ network of brokers is what?

Answer:

The "network of brokers" function from Apache ActiveMQ is used by Amazon MQ for ActiveMQ. Multiple brokers joined together form a network of brokers. Network brokers exchange data on the customers and destinations that each broker hosts. These details are used by the brokers to move messages throughout the network. The brokers in an Amazon MQ network can either be single-instance brokers or active-standby brokers (each active broker in the network includes a standby node with shared storage that will take over in the event of an active node failure) (if the node fails, it will be unavailable until it is restarted). Each network broker has a distinct message store that is replicated across many AZs in a region. A single broker is always in charge of storing communications since nodes in the network pass messages to one another.

If you need horizontal scaling or high availability with quick reconnections in the event of broker failure, you should employ a network of brokers.

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Ques: 8). Who need to utilise Amazon MQ?

Answer:

For enterprise IT professionals, developers, and architects who are currently in charge of operating a message broker on-premises or in the cloud and wish to switch to a fully managed cloud service without having to rewrite the messaging code in their applications, Amazon MQ is a good option.

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Ques: 9). Does Amazon MQ adhere to regulations?

Answer:

Yes. Amazon MQ complies with PCI, SOC, and ISO requirements and is HIPAA-eligible.

You may use Amazon MQ to store and transport communications across healthcare systems, including messages containing protected health information, because it is HIPAA qualified (PHI). Because Amazon MQ complies with PCI DSS, you can process, store, or send payment information with it. Also accredited to ISO 9001, 27001, 27017, and 27018 standards are Amazon MQ. The protection of personally identifiable information and management of quality and information security in the cloud are attested to by some of the most well-known certifications in the world. Amazon MQ is SOC 1, 2, and 3 compliant, allowing you to get deep insight into the security processes and controls that protect customer data.

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Ques: 10). How do I keep track of the queues, topics, and broker instances?

Answer:

You can observe and analyse metrics for your broker instances, as well as your queues and topics, thanks to the integration between Amazon MQ and Amazon CloudWatch. Metrics may be viewed and analysed using the CloudWatch dashboard, the command line, the Amazon MQ console, or programmatically. Every minute, metrics are automatically gathered and published to CloudWatch.

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Ques: 11). When would I choose to manage ActiveMQ or RabbitMQ on Amazon EC2 myself vs using Amazon MQ?

Answer:

A managed message broker service is offered by Amazon MQ that handles all aspects of running your message broker, including installation, configuration, upkeep, and provisioning of the underlying infrastructure for high availability and durability. When you wish to offload operational overhead and related costs, you might want to think using Amazon MQ. Consider building and operating your message broker on Amazon EC2 directly if you want more power to tweak features and setups or to utilise unique plugins.

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Ques: 12). When should I use AWS IoT Message Broker instead of Amazon MQ?

Answer:

When using an open source messaging programme like ActiveMQ or other commercial message brokers, you may utilise Amazon MQ to offload operational overhead and related costs. When switching from for-profit brokers or open source brokers like ActiveMQ, you may utilise Amazon MQ to lower broker maintenance expenses, increase broker stability, and save on licence fees. In scenarios when you're creating new cloud-based applications employing microservices and need low latency, high availability, and message durability, Amazon MQ is also appropriate for application integration use cases. Industry-standard APIs like JMS and NMS as well as message protocols including AMQP, STOMP, MQTT, and WebSocket are supported by Amazon MQ.

When your use case involves IoT device telemetry, device management, device security, and IoT analysis, you can utilise AWS IoT Message Broker. For IoT sector clients connecting sizable device fleets and gathering telemetry data to transfer to native AWS services, the AWS IoT Message Broker is ideal. Industry-standard lightweight protocols including MQTT, HTTP, and MQTT over WebSocket are supported by AWS IoT Message Broker.

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Ques: 13). How do the various AWS services interact with Amazon MQ?

Answer:

Amazon MQ may be used by any application that utilises an AWS computing service, such as Amazon EC2, Amazon ECS, or AWS Lambda. Additionally connected to the following AWS services are Amazon MQ:

Monitoring metrics and generating alarms using Amazon CloudWatch
Publish logs from your Amazon MQ brokers to Amazon CloudWatch Logs using Amazon CloudWatch Logs.
AWS CloudTrail allows users to record, continuously track, and save Amazon MQ API calls.
Automate the process of constructing, updating, and deleting message brokers using AWS CloudFormation.
Service API authentication and authorisation using AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM)
Create and manage the keys required to encrypt your data using the AWS Key Management Service (KMS).

AWS ActiveMQ Interview Questions and Answers

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Ques: 14). : Is there a service level agreement for Amazon MQ?

Answer:

Yes. During any monthly billing cycle, AWS shall make commercially reasonable efforts to ensure that Active/Standby ActiveMQ Brokers and RabbitMQ Clusters are available with a Monthly Uptime Percentage of at least 99.9%. (the "Service Commitment"). You may be entitled to a Service Credit if Amazon MQ fails to achieve the Monthly Uptime Percentage guarantee.

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Ques: 15). How is Amazon MQ billed to me?

Answer:

You just pay for what you use while using Amazon MQ. Standard data transport fees as well as fees for the use of the broker instance and storage are assessed. Our free tier for a year makes it simple to start with Amazon MQ.

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Ques: 16). What RabbitMQ plugins are offered for Amazon MQ?

Answer:

The management, shovel, federation, and consistent hash exchange plugins are all included in Amazon MQ for RabbitMQ.

November 04, 2022

Top 20 Amazon Managed Blockchain Questions and Answers

With the help of popular open-source frameworks, you can create and administer scalable private networks with Amazon Managed Blockchain, a fully managed service that lets you join public networks. The overhead involved in setting up a network or joining one already exists, and Amazon Managed Blockchain automatically expands to meet the needs of thousands of apps processing millions of transactions. Managed Blockchain makes it simple to administer and maintain your blockchain network once it is up and running. It keeps track of your certificates and makes it simple to welcome new users to the network.

AWS(Amazon Web Services) Interview Questions and Answers

AWS Cloud Interview Questions and Answers

Ques: 1). How is Amazon Managed Blockchain accessed?

Answer:

The AWS Management Console, AWS Command Line Interface (CLI), and AWS Software Development Kit all provide access to Amazon Managed Blockchain (SDK).

Use the open source Hyperledger Fabric CLI and SDK to communicate with the Hyperledger Fabric components provided and managed by Amazon Managed Blockchain, such as the ordering service, certificate authority, and peer nodes. You construct a VPC PrivateLink endpoint for your network to access the endpoints that Amazon Managed Blockchain offers for accessing these services. The version of Hyperledger Fabric stated in your network must be used along with a compatible version of the CLI and SDK for Hyperledger Fabric.

Your client utilises a WebSocket or HTTP connection to a peer node endpoint in Managed Blockchain to communicate with Ethereum smart contracts. Only your AWS Account has access to your node endpoint. The client communicates with your node on the Ethereum network using normal JSON-RPC API techniques to query and send transactions.

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Ques: 2). What is Amazon Managed Blockchain capable of?

Answer:

Using the open-source frameworks Hyperledger Fabric and Ethereum, you can quickly join public networks or build private networks spanning several AWS accounts using Amazon Managed Blockchain. These blockchain systems let network users safely exchange money and data on a decentralised, unchangeable record. Additionally, you may set up your network's voting procedures so that users can democratically run it (i.e., voting on who to invite to join).

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Ques: 3). A blockchain network is what?

Answer:

A trusted central authority is not required to ensure that transactions are secure and validated thanks to the blockchain technology, which enables the development of apps where numerous parties can record transactions.

This is made possible by blockchain because it creates a peer-to-peer network (also known as a blockchain network) where each user has access to a shared ledger where the transactions are recorded. By design, these transactions are immutable and subject to independent verification.

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Ques: 4). I want to join the blockchain network, how can I invite other AWS accounts?

Answer:

You can submit a request to the present users of the blockchain network asking them to approve inviting a different AWS account to join. The other AWS account will be invited to join the network if the proposal is accepted based on the network's voting regulations.

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Ques: 5). How can I connect with my Amazon Managed Blockchain resources using the open source Hyperledger Fabric CLI or SDK running on a client node?

Answer:

You may use the free Hyperledger Fabric CLI or SDK to setup them and communicate with the peer nodes, ordering service, and certificate authority (CA) that were generated for your network using Hyperledger Fabric. By leveraging a VPC PrivateLink endpoint that you construct in your VPC, Amazon Managed Blockchain makes the endpoints for these components accessible. To access this VPC PrivateLink endpoint, the Amazon EC2 instance or other resource using the Hyperledger Fabric CLI or SDK needs a route.

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Ques: 6). How do I get started with Amazon Managed Blockchain?

Answer:

To get started with Amazon Managed Blockchain, go to the AWS Management Console and click on Amazon Managed Blockchain. Click on "Create a network" or “Join a network”. Follow the network creation wizard to create your first network and member, and then invite other AWS accounts to join. Alternatively, follow the join network wizard to join a public network, and then provision nodes to interact with the network.

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Ques: 7). Owns that resource the account that builds an Amazon Managed Blockchain network?

Answer:

An Amazon Managed Blockchain network is a decentralised resource in which various AWS accounts have equal ownership stakes in accordance with the voting guidelines established at the network's inception. The Approval Threshold Policy type allows for the distribution of governance across several members when they join the network, even though an original AWS account builds it. The network will continue to function among the surviving members even if the original member exits.

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Ques: 8). What elements make up Hyperledger Fabric?

Answer:

An Amazon Managed Blockchain for Hyperledger Fabric builds and maintains the necessary network components on your behalf. The ordering service, certificate authority, and peer components all come together to form a Hyperledger Fabric network.

You utilise an open source Hyperledger Fabric CLI or SDK from a client host that you construct and administer to communicate with these components.

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Ques: 9). How do I limit who may access the resources I have on Amazon Managed Blockchain?

Answer:

In order to identify users in each membership and assess their network rights, Hyperledger Fabric on Managed Blockchain requires certificates. With the help of the Hyperledger Fabric certificate authority, you may create and manage these users. JSON-RPC requests to Ethereum nodes on the Managed Blockchain are verified using Signature Version 4 (SV4).

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Ques: 10). What rights does the administrator user have when adding a network member?

Answer:

The first user in your Hyperledger Fabric membership is the admin account that you set when creating your network member. The username and password may be used to add other users to your membership and register this user with your Hyperledger Fabric certificate authority. Additionally, the admin user has the ability to install and run chaincode programmes as well as construct channels on the network.

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Ques: 11). What distinguishes Amazon Quantum Ledger Database (QLDB) from Amazon Managed Blockchain?

Answer:

A ledger database called QLDB was created specifically for clients that needed to keep a comprehensive and verifiable history of data changes in an application that they owned and centrally managed. Not a blockchain technology, Amazon QLDB. Instead, blockchain technologies concentrate on making it possible for several parties to do business and transfer data safely in a decentralised manner, without the need for a reliable centralised authority. A network's members can make and endorse transactions, and each member owns an independently verified copy of an immutable ledger. Amazon Managed Blockchain is a fully managed blockchain service that enables multiple parties to transact and share data directly and securely without the need for a central, trusted authority.

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Ques: 12). How can I remove a network from Amazon Managed Blockchain?

Answer:

Once the final participant in a network deletes their membership, the network is terminated by Amazon Managed Blockchain. If you've formed a blockchain network with several members in your AWS account, the network will be terminated after all of the members have been removed. If you are a member of a blockchain network that contains memberships that you do not control, the network will only be eliminated when the final participant does so. If you remove a member from a network but there are still other members present, the network will continue. If a founding member departs a network, there will be adjustable ways to end it once Amazon Managed Blockchain is broadly accessible.

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Ques: 13). I want to boost the availability of my blockchain components, can I establish numerous peer nodes?

Answer:

For high availability, the Standard Edition allows you to build up to three blockchain peer nodes in each membership across different Amazon EC2 availability zones. For each membership in the Starter Edition, two peer nodes can be created. You may set up as many as 50 nodes per AWS account across different Amazon EC2 availability zones for Ethereum on Amazon Managed Blockchain.

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Ques: 14). : What open source blockchain frameworks is supported by Amazon Managed Blockchain?

Answer:

The open source Hyperledger Fabric and Ethereum frameworks are supported by Amazon Managed Blockchain.

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Ques: 15). What is the cost of Amazon Managed Blockchain?

Answer:

Amazon Managed Blockchain has no initial contract. You just pay an hourly fee (paid per second) for your network membership, peer node storage, and data you send to the network while using Hyperledger Fabric on Amazon Managed Blockchain. The Standard Edition and the Starter Edition are the two editions that Amazon Managed Blockchain offers, and each edition has a different hourly membership charge. You also pay regular data transmission charges. You will require a VPC PrivateLink endpoint that is separately paid in order to communicate with your Amazon Managed Blockchain services. With Amazon Managed Blockchain for Ethereum, you can build nodes and connect them to open Ethereum networks. You are charged for the node, node storage, and the number of Ethereum requests you make.

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Ques: 16). What distinguishes the Starter Edition and Standard Edition network types of Amazon Managed Blockchain?

Answer:

Starter Edition and Standard Edition are the two network types that Amazon Managed Blockchain offers. Each kind has a distinct hourly membership charge and is designed for a certain set of use scenarios.

For test networks and smaller production networks, there is a network called Amazon Managed Blockchain Starter Edition. In comparison to the Standard Edition, it features the following characteristics: A network can have up to 5 members and 2 peer nodes per member. The peer node kinds that are available are bc.t3.small and bc.t3.medium. The transaction throughput and availability of the ordering service are lower in a Starter Edition network than in a Standard Edition network.

The network for the Amazon Managed Blockchain Standard Edition is intended for use with production networks. It differs from the Starter Edition in a number of ways, including the ability to have 3 peer nodes and a limit of 14 users per network. Peer nodes can use the instance types from the bc.t3, bc.m5, and bc.c5 families. The transaction throughput and availability of the ordering service are better in a Standard Edition network than they are in a Starter Edition network.

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Ques: 17). Do my blockchain components experience any downtime for maintenance?

Answer:

Ethereum nodes are always online. When we deploy security updates, which we normally do monthly or as needed, Hyperledger Fabric peer nodes will be down for less than a minute. Your Personal Health Dashboard will let you know when maintenance is going to be performed. As only one peer per member will be patched at a time, you can construct numerous peers to reduce this downtime. It is often advised to have numerous peers for high availability.

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Ques: 18). In my Hyperledger Fabric network, how can I establish a channel?

Answer:

A Hyperledger Fabric channel is a secret "subnet" of communication between two or more specified network users, for the purpose of carrying out private and confidential transactions. Every transaction on the blockchain network takes place on a channel, where each person involved must be verified and given permission to do business.

Using the open source Hyperledger Fabric CLI or SDK and the APIs provided on your Hyperledger Fabric resources, you may add a new channel to your Amazon Managed Blockchain network. A genesis block for the channel ledger, which holds configuration data about the channel policies, members, and anchor peer nodes, is created when you call the configuration system chaincode.

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Ques: 19). How can I get access to the Hyperledger Fabric endpoints on the parts that Amazon Managed Blockchain manages?

Answer:

A VPC PrivateLink endpoint must be created in the VPC from which you wish to connect the network in order to access the endpoints on the Hyperledger Fabric components maintained by Amazon Managed Blockchain, such as the Hyperledger Fabric certificate authority, ordering service, and peer nodes. From the VPC panel, Amazon Managed Blockchain console, AWS CLI, or AWS SDK, you may build a VPC PrivateLink endpoint. Use the VPC Endpoint Service Name shown in the Amazon Managed Blockchain network specifications when building your endpoint. You just need to build one VPC PrivateLink endpoint, not one for each member, if you've created them all in the same AWS account. Additionally, in order to get support for suggested transactions, your client will be able to communicate with peer nodes from other network participants.

Please be aware that any VPC PrivateLink endpoints you establish or use will incur a separate fee.

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Ques: 20). How can I introduce apps written in chaincode into the Hyperledger Fabric network?

Answer:

Chaincode, often known as a "smart contract," is a software that generally manages business logic decided upon by network participants. Using the open source Hyperledger Fabric CLI or SDK and the APIs accessible on your Hyperledger Fabric resources, you may install and instantiate chaincode on the blockchain network. Additionally, these activities may only be carried out by admin users in your membership.

April 18, 2022

Top 20 AWS Fargate Interview Questions and Answers

AWS (Amazon Web Service) fargate is a serverless computing engine for containers that works with both Amazon Elastic Container Service (ECS) and Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service (EKS), allowing you to focus on developing your apps. Fargate reduces the need to provision and manage servers, allows you to identify and allocate resources per application, and improves security by isolating applications. Fargate allocates the appropriate amount of processing power, eliminating the need to determine instances and increase cluster capacity. It is necessary to pay for the resources required to administer the containers, so eliminating over-provisioning and the cost of extra servers, and each job or pod is driven by its own kernel, which implements the responsibilities and pods its own remote compute environment. This allows your application to have workload isolation and revised security by design.

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Ques. 1): What is AWS Fargate, and how does it work?

Answer:

AWS Fargate is a serverless container compute engine that works with Amazon Elastic Container Service (ECS) and Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service (EKS). Fargate focuses on the development of your applications. Simply offer resources to your application, and Fargate will provision compute resources in a highly secure and isolated environment.

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Ques. 2): What are containers, exactly?

Answer:

Making software for a different system can be difficult since it must run in a variety of contexts; to overcome this, developers utilise a technology known as containers. Each container contains the whole runtime environment. This comprises the programme as well as any dependencies, libraries, frameworks, and files required to run it.

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Ques. 3): What are the advantages of AWS Fargate?

Answer:

· Application deployment and management: You just interact with and pay for your containers, avoiding the operational costs of scaling, patching, securing, and managing servers. Fargate ensures that the infrastructure supporting your containers is always patched.

· Protected design isolation: Each ECS-task or EKS-Pod runs in its kernel runtime and does not use any other tasks and pods to share the CPU, memory, store, or network resources.

· No Cluster management: You only need to think of containers and concentrate on building and running your app with Fargate. the Fargate Service manages all infrastructure needs.

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Ques. 4): What is AWS Fargate and how does it work?

Answer:

• Create a container image: Create an image that is appropriate for your application. Your container image is a read-only template that you can create from a docker and save in the registry, then execute on the cluster from there.

• Select an orchestration service, such as Amazon ECS or Amazon EKS.

• Create a cluster: a cluster allows you to keep track of all the containers and resources you've assigned to your application.

• Using the AWS Fargate option, create a cluster: AWS Fargate manages and configures all information and clusters fields while running your container.

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Ques. 5): Is Fargate less expensive than EC2?

Answer:

Not really; you could definitely get away with a lower pricing if you ran your programme natively in t3 instances rather than using a Fargate container.

Fargate's strength is that it makes container adoption simple. Previously, you had to operate your own container service (which resided on an EC2 you purchased) before you could make a container run with ECS/EKS. You can just stand up the container using Fargate. The remainder of the container service faded into the background.

With Fargate you are really paying for ease:

• create your Dockerfile

• push it to ECR - Elastic Container Registry

• and consume it with a container

My hypothesis is that the pricing is more because the infrastructure required to keep a container service running in a highly available and secure manner is more variable than simply assigning a t3 EC2 instance.

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Ques. 6): AWS Fargate supports which use cases?

Answer:

All of the major container use cases, such as microservices architecture apps, batch processing, machine learning applications, and transferring on-premise applications to the cloud, are supported by AWS Fargate.

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Ques. 7): What are pros and cons of AWS Fargate?

Answer:

Pros:

· Less Complexity

· Better Security

· Lower Costs (Maybe)

Cons:

· Less Customization.

· Higher Costs (Maybe)

· Region Availability

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Ques. 8): What's the difference between Amazon EC2 and Amazon Fargate, and how do you use them?

Answer:

The prices of the underlying EC2 instances are based on the billing with the EC2 Launch type. It allows you to streamline the process by utilising charging models such as spot events, reserved instances, and so forth. However, it is your responsibility to guarantee that containers are densely packed in order to get the most out of them; otherwise, it is a waste of money. The payment for AWS Fargate Launch Type is dependent on the number of CPU or memory requests per second. You just have to pay for the tasks you've assigned; there's no need to pay for the unused EC2 instance.

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Ques. 9): What's the best way to put a pod on a Fargate worker node?

Answer:

A Fargate Profile, which is simply a list of namespaces, must be defined. These may be generated in the AWS Console by going to EKS > Pick your cluster > Compute > Add Fargate Profile.

When you create a pod after the Fargate Profile has been built, if the pod's namespace matches one of the namespaces in the Fargate Profile, a Fargate worker node will be constructed and the pod will be deployed on the worker.

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Ques. 10): What are the advantages of using AWS Fargate to run airflow?

Answer:

We can execute Airflow key components on AWS Fargate without having to create and manage servers. Fargate ensures that the infrastructure supporting your containers is always patched and up to date. Fargate allows you to match the computing resource requirements of your Airflow jobs, as well as automatically add capacity when your cluster becomes busier without paying for any idle capacity. Each Fargate task runs in its own virtual machine-isolated environment, ensuring that concurrent tasks do not compete for resources.

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Ques. 11): On Fargate, how can I upgrade Kubernetes?

Answer:

Any newly formed fargate pods will launch EC2 instances with AMIs based on the version the master has once the control plane has been upgraded to the newer version.

There is no way to upgrade existing pods using automation. The pods must be destroyed and then rebuilt. Kubernetes Deployments, which can handle rolling updates, should be used to accomplish this without causing downtime for the app.

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Ques. 12): So, what is a Node Group worker?

Answer:

These are “normal, regular, vanilla, plain ‘ol” Kubernetes worker nodes based on EC2 instances. The Kubernetes Scheduler will cram as many pods onto these VMs until CPU, Memory, or Network Interfaces resources are exhausted. When you create a Node Group you select:

· Name

· Node IAM Role

· AMI Type (linux x64, x64+GPU or ARM)

· Instance Type (ie: t3.medium)

· Disk Size (for the node’s local storage)

· You pay for these EC2 instances regardless of their utilization.

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Ques. 13): What's the difference between AWS Fargate and Elastic Beanstalk multi-container?

Answer:

The ECS is used by Multi Container Elastic Beanstalk to feed the cluster, allowing it to operate as a Platform-As-A-Service (PaaS) architecture.

Fargate runs on a fully managed server, so you don't have to worry about the cluster or server as you do with Elastic Beanstalk. To make it more of a SaaS model, you merely manage a Docker container.

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Ques. 14): Does autoscaling work?

Answer:

There are a few things to unpack here, as both Node Autoscaling and (Horizontal) Pod Autoscaling are present.

· Does Fargate support Horizontal Pod Autoscaling? Yes. What's the deal with node groups? Yes. Make sure that Metrics Server is turned on for each.

· If you're utilising Fargate for the pod, simply add another pod to get another transparent EC2 worker node for node autoscaling. If you're utilising Node Groups, you'll need to set the following:

· The bare minimum of nodes

· The maximum number of nodes possible

· Desired number of nodes – This is the initial number of nodes that the Node Group will construct. As you add or delete pods, the number of nodes will scale according to the guardrails set above.

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Ques. 15): How can you migrate AWS Lambda rails code in ruby to AWS Fargate?

Answer:

· Containerized your Ruby code.

· Put image in repository like (DockerHub, ECR etc).

· Establish ECS Task Definition

· Build an ECS cluster.

· To run your task, create the services.

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Ques. 16): How can I stop the AWS Fargate container programmatically?

Answer:

It can be done via the console or the AWS CLI. You'll probably want to utilise the API stop task for this. To do so, you must first capture the task ID and then filter it based on how you want to filter the jobs in your cluster.

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Ques. 17): Can I use my own AMI?

Answer:

For the Control Plane – No, this is controlled by AWS

For Fargate workers – No, this is controlled by AWS

For Node Group workers – Yes, but a complicated yes. When you create a Node Group via the AWS Console, the default behavior is to not use Launch Templates so you only have the 3 AMI options (linux x64, linux x64+GPU, linux ARM). If you opt to use Launch Templates you can select your own full list of AMIs. Launch Templates will also allow you to leverage spot instances, IAM instance profiles, tenancy and a dozen other configurations. If you use Launch Templates then you’ll need to maintain them going forward.

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Ques. 18): What is Azure's version of AWS Fargate?

Answer:

Unfortunately, there isn't anything comparable. That's one of the Azure services I really miss, but I'm sure something comparable will appear in the not-too-distant future.

Azure Container Instances (ACI) is Azure's serverless container service (kind of), however it lacks Fargate's features.

First and foremost, ACI does not scale automatically. There is no load balancer built-in. You don't have to define the type of instance or the number of instances with Fargate.

Second, Fargate is more tightly linked with the AWS environment than ACI, which is more of a stand-alone service.

I still prefer ACI for simple container deployments, but it's not ideal for clusters with varying loads.

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Ques. 19): Does Amazon Fargate, like Lambda, have a slow start?

Answer:

No. A Fargate Task requires time to provide and start, but once it's up and running, the allotted CPU is dedicated to the Task's containers.

As long as a loop keeps the developer's code alive, it will continue to run in the Fargate container. This differs from a Lambda, where code executes and quits, and the Lambda system must then restart the loop, wait for input, and either use a current Lambda container or start from scratch with a new one.

Ques. 20): What is Google Cloud's answer to AWS Fargate?

Answer:

Cloud Run is the closest thing to Fargate in terms of use and potential, but it's a little more limited. Any Docker container that listens on port 8080 and responds within 15 minutes is supported by Cloud Run. As a result, web apps are its principal application. It can handle up to 80 requests at the same time per instance. You always get 1 vCPU and can choose up to 2GB of RAM. You pay for the amount of time that an instance is active.

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