Showing posts with label AWS Cloud. Show all posts
Showing posts with label AWS Cloud. Show all posts

March 26, 2023

Top 20 AWS Ground Station Interview Questions and Answers


Customers may simply command, control, and downlink data from satellites using Amazon Ground Station, a fully managed service. You can arrange minute-by-minute access to AWS Ground Station antennas and only pay for the time you really use them. You can receive data from the satellite via AWS Ground Station, keep track of its condition, and send commands to modify its activities. AWS services such as Amazon S3 or Amazon EC2 can be used to store or process incoming data once it has been streamed there.


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Ques. 1): AWS Ground Station: What is it?

Answer:

You can manage satellite communications, process data, and grow your operations with the help of Amazon Ground Station, a fully managed service, all without having to construct or maintain your own ground station equipment. Weather forecasting, surface photography, communications, and video broadcasting are just a few of the many applications that satellites are employed for. The foundation of all satellite networks are ground stations. You have immediate access to AWS services through AWS Ground Station, as well as the Amazon Global Infrastructure, which includes a low-latency international fibre network.


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Ques. 2): What is the procedure for using AWS Ground Station?

Answer:

Go to the AWS Ground Station console in the AWS Management Console to get going. Here, you choose the satellites with which you must communicate and set up "Contacts" with them. A chosen satellite, the start and end times, and the ground location make up each contact. Up to 15 minutes before the scheduled contact time, you can cancel or reschedule by reviewing confirmed Contact times in your console. Use the AWS Ground Station EC2 AMI to run EC2 instances that will uplink and downlink data during the contact or that will receive downlinked data in an Amazon S3 bucket after the contact has been scheduled. Depending on your mission, you could require Downlink instances to receive bulk mission data from the satellite and Command instances to receive operational telemetry from the satellite and communicate modifications to the satellite's scheduled future actions. Throughout the duration of the contact, these instances will communicate with the AWS Ground Station aerial gateway via an ENI connection that already exists between them and the satellite aerial.


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Ques. 3): What kinds of satellites are capable of communication with AWS Ground Station?

Answer:

Non-Geostationary Earth Orbit (NGSO), Low Earth Orbit (LEO), and Medium Earth Orbit (MEO).


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Ques. 4): How does AWS Ground Station interact with and complement other AWS offerings?

Answer:

Processing and storing satellite-derived data using AWS Ground Station is simple, whether in the AWS area closest to each AWS Ground Station antenna or in another AWS region (using Amazon's global backbone network). Amazon Elastic Block Store (EBS), Amazon Elastic File System (EFS), and Amazon S3 are all options for local data storage on EC2 instances. You may set up lifecycle policies in S3 to automatically move older, less-used data to cheaper storage classes, such as Amazon Glacier and S3 Infrequent Access.

To fully control data input and offer standard APIs for integrating data analysis into your apps, use Amazon Kinesis Data Streams. With its seamless interaction with Amazon Rekognition, items may be recognised automatically (such as cars or airplanes). You may create unique machine learning programmes that use your data by using Amazon SageMaker.


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Ques. 5): When will I be billed for my use of the ground station?

Answer:

Upon the conclusion of each communication, customers will be charged. Clients will receive a charge for their commitment to Reserved Minutes plus any On Demand minutes used that month on their monthly AWS payment.


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Ques. 6): What operational broadcast and receive frequencies can be used by the ground station?

Answer:

The following frequencies can be supported by current ground station antenna systems:

Between 2025 to 2120 MHz, the S-Band transmits

S-band reception between 2200 and 2300 MHz

X-band reception between 7750 and 8400 MHz


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Ques. 7): What are the AWS Ground Station's main advantages?

Answer:

The first satellite Ground Station as a Service in the industry, AWS Ground Station is part of the AWS Global Infrastructure footprint and provides elastic, on-demand access to ground station satellite antennas without commitment. Previously, building ground stations for these connections required substantial capital expenditures, including the price of servers and storage needed to analyse incoming data. This makes it more difficult for you to react quickly to new business opportunities or important occurrences (such large weather events) and necessitates the operation and upkeep of a vast ground antenna network. AWS controls the ground station infrastructure with AWS Ground Station, allowing you to concentrate on developing and quickly testing new applications that process, analyse, and distribute satellite data. With Amazon's global, high-capacity backbone network, you can simply link this data with other AWS services, whether they are located in the same region or a different AWS Region.


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Ques. 8): What occurs when the time for my scheduled Contact arrives?

Answer:

Use the Amazon EC2 AMI to launch the necessary instances to interact with the satellite before the specified contact time, or construct an Amazon S3 bucket to receive downlinked data. Your EC2 instances will have the ability to connect to the AWS Ground Station antenna gateway over an ENI connection right before the scheduled encounter. Your EC2 instances will start sending and receiving data from the satellite as soon as the interaction starts. The data will be transmitted to your Amazon S3 bucket without the requirement for a Downlink instance if you want to receive downlinked data to an Amazon S3 bucket.


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Ques. 9): How can AWS Ground Station ensure that my satellite is not being controlled by someone else?

Answer:

To prevent unauthorised contact with satellites, AWS Ground Station employs a variety of security procedures. AWS onboards, identifies, and correlates the satellite and satellite owner with a selected customer account before permitting initial contact with a satellite. The user can then schedule satellite contacts using that account with AWS Ground Station or give permission for other AWS accounts to do so. For the duration of the contract, only authorised EC2 instances are permitted access to the AWS Ground Station aerial gateway. The encryption keys required to approve and encrypt data sent to the satellite are entirely under the control of the customers. Amazon S3 data is written to their Amazon S3 bucket and stored using Server Side Encryption (SSE).


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Ques. 10): When will I be billed for my use of the ground station?

Answer:

Upon the conclusion of each communication, customers will be charged. Clients will receive a charge for their commitment to Reserved Minutes plus any On Demand minutes used that month on their monthly AWS payment.


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Ques. 11): Is it possible to arrange time on an aerial in one location—say, Oregon—while working from another—say, Sydney?

Answer:

Indeed, AWS Ground Station is a network of aerial systems that spans the globe and is accessible to users anywhere. In fact, scheduling time on antennas at each point in the global network will be routine practise for many users.


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Ques. 12): What happens if the Contact I sought is unable to be reserved?

Answer:

If your preferred Contact is unavailable (for instance, because there are already bookings in place for aerial time at the selected site), the AWS Ground Station Management Console will present alternate contacts for your consideration.


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Ques. 13): How far in advance may Contacts be scheduled?

Answer:

Reservations for Reserved Minute Contacts can be made up to 21 days in advance, and they can be changed up to 1 day before the original appointment. On demand contacts cannot be rescheduled and can be scheduled up to 7 days in advance as well as as little as 15 minutes.


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Ques. 14): Where are the antennas for Ground Stations located?

Answer:

The service is being extended by AWS Ground Station to more AWS Regions and places worldwide.


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Ques. 15): How can the AWS Ground Station connect with satellites using radio frequencies or bands?

Answer:

S- and X- frequency bands, among others, can be used by AWS Ground Station antennas to communicate with satellites.


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Ques. 16): How do contacts work?

Answer:

A Contact is a reserved time slot for communication with a particular satellite from a known terrestrial location.


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Ques. 17): What happens if I make a contact but later decide I need to cancel it?

Answer:

Customers with reserved minutes are free to end contacts up to 24 hours before they begin without incurring any fees or penalties. Customers that use Reserved Minutes must pay a cancellation fee equal to the contact's cost if they need to cancel a contact less than 24 hours before the contact's start time. Customers using On Demand may cancel contacts up to 15 minutes before the start of the contact for a fee equivalent to the cost of the contact.


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Ques. 18): How fast is AWS Ground Station?

Answer:

Narrowband uplink rates of up to 54 MHz and downlink speeds of up to 500 MHz are supported by AWS Ground Station.


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AWS Fault Injection Simulator (FIS) Interview Questions and Answers



Top AWS Fault Injection Simulator (FIS) Interview Questions and Answers

    

    An application's performance, observability, and resilience can all be increased by using the AWS Fault Injection Simulator (FIS), a fully managed service. To help teams gain confidence in the behavior of their applications, FIS streamlines the process of setting up and performing controlled fault injection experiments across a variety of AWS services.


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Ques. 1): AWS Fault Injection Simulator (FIS) – what is it?

Answer:

It is simpler to increase an application's performance, observability, and resiliency by using the AWS Fault Injection Simulator, a fully managed service for fault injection experiments on AWS. Chaos engineering, which is the practise of straining an application in testing or production environments by generating disruptive events, such as a rapid spike in CPU or memory consumption, watching how the system reacts, and making modifications as necessary, uses fault injection experiments.


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Ques. 2): How closely do the defects that AWS FIS injects match up to actual world circumstances?

Answer:

The conditions produced by FIS fault inject actions are quite similar to those that exist in reality. As an illustration, increasing CPU usage actually uses CPU resources. The experience is the same as with any other throttling because the operation to throttle API calls throttles those requests at the control plane level. In contrast to the actual world, FIS gives you the power to halt an experiment at any time and, when practical, to specify rollback actions that go into effect when an action period is up.


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Ques. 3): What fundamental ideas underlie fault injection actions?

Answer:

A fault injection activity in FIS can result in a heavy CPU burden being placed on an EC2 instance. A distinct set of attributes are accepted by every FIS action. The property for this example of CPU load on an EC2 instance would be the% value of the load. There are many FIS actions with various property values. You may also manage the experiment's timeline and duration with the aid of FIS activities. You can select the StartTime and length of the experiment for each action. For instance, you may plan your experiment so that it includes a CPULoad action that raises the CPU load to 75%, starts at StartTime of 0, and runs for 60 seconds.


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Ques. 4): How do I keep track of an AWS FIS experiment's effects?

Answer:

You may check on an experiment's progress and see the results of each completed step using the FIS console. You may also utilise CloudWatch dashboards and monitoring to keep an eye on the condition of your Amazon resources. Throughout an experiment, FIS creates CloudTrail logs for every action it makes on your AWS resources, giving you complete visibility and auditing over all account activity.


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Ques. 5): How can I begin utilising AWS FIS?

Answer:

To define, manage, and control the experiment, utilise either the FIS console or the Amazon CLI. To begin, design an experiment that contains any actions you want to take against any number of targets. The experiment template allows you to define every aspect of the experiment, including the targets, actions, alarm, and stop circumstances. The experiment can then be started. A distinct execution-id is returned by each start-experiment. The execution-id argument can be used to monitor the progress of a particular run.


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Ques. 6): How does Chaos Engineering work?

Answer:

Chaos engineering is the technique of stressing an application in testing or production environments by inflicting disruptive events—like server failures or API throttling—and then watching the system's reaction and making adjustments as necessary. Teams can better understand hidden problems, monitoring blind spots, and performance bottlenecks in distributed systems by using chaos engineering to simulate real-world settings. Starting with steady-state behaviour analysis, creating an experiment hypothesis (for example, terminating x instances will result in x% more retries), running the experiment by injecting fault actions, watching for rollback conditions, and fixing the flaws are the first steps.


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Ques. 7): What are the core concepts of the target resources?

Answer:

The Amazon resources selected as the experiment's targets for fault injection. Examples include tags, instance-id, cluster-id, VPC, etc. Targets could be random or specified Amazon resources (s).


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Ques. 8): How can I find out the progress of the AWS FIS experiment?

Answer:

To monitor the experiment's status, utilise the management console or AWS CLI. You can list all experiment executions with the list-experiment-executions command. You can obtain information about a specific execution with get-experiment-execution. You can obtain the precise actions taken and their corresponding outcomes by requesting information about a specific run. You can record and continually track the actions that are taken using CloudTrail.


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Ques. 9): Is an agent required for AWS FIS?

Answer:

The installation of any agents in your resources is not necessary for many action kinds. The SSM agent is necessary for instance level problems, such as increased CPU and memory usage.


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Ques. 10): Why need I to utilise AWS FIS?

Answer:

To enhance performance, observability, and resiliency, utilise FIS to scale up the discovery of an application's flaws. You no longer need to handle complicated tooling since FIS provides practical fault injection experience from a centralised UI. Using FIS's adaptable experiment template, you can create unique experiments to model complicated outage scenarios and combine several failure kinds within a single experiment. Stop conditions are built-in safety procedures offered by FIS that halt an experiment before it spirals out of control.


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Ques. 11): What defect types can I introduce using AWS FIS?

Answer:

You can run pre-defined fault injection experiments using FIS on several platforms, including computation, databases, networks, and more.


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Ques. 12): What fundamental ideas underpin the conduct of an experiment?

Answer:

One or more sets of Target, Fault Injection Actions, Post Action, and Stop Condition are included in a FIS experiment. With fault injection action(s) and an AWS target, you begin the FIS experiment (s). You broaden the scope of the experiment to incorporate more Amazon resources and fault injection actions as your application's resilience increases. Once the experiment is specified, you may set up a schedule for it to run at particular times.


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Ques. 13): How do I put a halt to the test?

Answer:

You can use the CLI command stop-experiment or the FIS console to execute stop-experiment. You can also halt an experiment by using CloudWatch enable-alarm-actions.


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Ques. 14): Do I need to do anything before using AWS FIS?

Answer:

Before adopting FIS, there are a number of factors to consider. You must first decide on the experiment's intended deployment. If this is your first trial, you might want to think about starting in a test or pre-production setting. You can introduce fault injection as your fault injection experiment develops to continuously evaluate resilience in the production environment. The steady-state behaviour must be defined, and significant technical and business parameters (such as latency and CPU load) must be identified (e.g., failed logins per minute, number of retries, page load speed). The next step is to formulate a hypothesis for the outcome of the experiment. If done, the impact of any commercial or technical indicator should not be greater than, is how your hypothesis is characterised. For an authentication service, for instance, your hypothesis might be "if network latency increases by 10%, there will be fewer than 1% increase in login failures." After the experiment, you assess whether the application's resilience meets your technical and business expectations.


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Ques. 15): Can I incorporate AWS FIS into my CD pipeline?

Answer:

Sure, you may incorporate FIS into your pipeline for continuous delivery. You will be able to do this as part of your software delivery process to repeatedly test how fault actions affect the outcome.


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